WARFARE OF MODERN TIMES. 95 



with balls at the points ; in its angles, four golden lions passant. In the 

 centre of the cross lies a round, red shield, bearing the white horse of 

 Brunswick. The shield is surrounded with a blue border, which contains 

 the device of the order, Nee aspera terrent. Around this blue border 

 lies, for civilians an oak, for military a laurel-wreath, in gold. On the 

 reverse is, in a red field, the name-cypher " G. R." with the royal crown, 

 and in the golden border the date MDCCCXV. Above the cross is the 

 Hanoverian crown, and, for the military, between the cross and crown two 

 crossed swords. The cross is the same for all classes, but of different sizes. 

 The Grand Crosses wear it from a broad light-blue ribbon, en echarpCf 

 from left to right, but on gala days about the neck, from a golden chain 

 composed of lions, royal crowns, and the cypher G. R. alternately. On the 

 left breast is a silv^er eight-pointed star of forty straight and eight twisted 

 rays, and on this the central field of the order, which, for military, rests 

 upon two crossed swords (pi. SI, Jig. 7). Commanders wear a somewhat 

 smaller order, en sautoir, from a narrower ribbon, and on the left breast 

 the badge of the Order embroidered in silver, but with the central shield 

 in its appropriate colors. Knights wear the smallest cross (fig. 8), at the 

 button-hole, from a ribbon 1|- inches wide. For non-commissioned officers 

 and soldiers there is the Guelphic Medal, which resembles the Waterloo 

 Medal (hereafter to be described), but is worn from the ribbon of the Guelphic 

 Order as a particular class of that Order. In the year 1841 two classes 

 more were instituted in this Order ; Commanders of the second class who 

 do not bear the star on the breast and the holders of the Silver Cross (fifth 

 class) for whom the order is entirely of silver, but the central shield in its 

 proper colors, and bearing instead of the cypher G. R. the cypher E. A. R. 

 (Ernest Aug. Rex.) The Waterloo Medal (fig. 9) was established in com- 

 memoration of the 18th June, 1815, for those who had taken part in the 

 battle of Waterloo. It is of silver, and displays, on one side, the bust of the 

 founder (Prince Regent George IV.) with the date 1815, and on the other, 

 in a laurel wTeath and under a trophy, the inscription, Watei^loo, June 

 xviii. with the circumscription Hannover scher Tapferkeit (to Hanoverian 

 bravery). The medal, which bears also the name and office of the possessor, 

 is worn at the breast from a crimson ribbon with sky-blue border, and 

 was sent also to the heirs of those that fell at Waterloo as an honorable 

 memorial. 



Kingdom of Wirtemherg. The Order of Frederick (fig. 10) was founded 

 by the present King William, in 1830, for civil and military desert, and has 

 only one class. The badge of the Order is a gold, white enamelled cross, 

 with golden rays between the arms. The golden central shield, surrounded 

 with a blue border, displays the bust of King Frederick, and on the blue 

 border the circumscription, Friedrich, Kdnig von Wi'irtemheig. On the 

 reverse the central shield is white enamelled and has in gold the inscription, 

 Dem Verdienste (To merit). On the blue border stands the motto of King 

 Frederick, Gott und mein Recht (God and my right). The order is worn 

 from a broad, royal-blue ribbon, en echarpe, from right to left, and on the 

 breast the badge of the Order, embroidered in gold and silver, with the 



571 



