WARFARE OF MODERN TIMES. 97 



of half, those of a gold medal of full pay, which after they leave the service 

 remains to them as a pension for life. 



Electorate of Hesse. The Military Merit Order {pi. Sl,Ji^. 16) was founded 

 in 1729 by Landgrave Frederick II. and organized anew in 1820. The Order 

 has only one class. The badge of the Order is a gold, pink enamelled 

 Maltese cross, in the angles of which are crowned lions of gold. The face 

 displays, in the upper field of the cross, the name-cypher W K, in gold, 

 and in the other three fields the inscription, Virtuti. The reverse is 

 smooth. The cross is covered with a royal crown, and is worn en sautoir 

 from a sky-blue ribbon with white pearl woven border. 



The Medal of Honor and Remembrance {fig. 17) the Elector Wilhelm II. 

 instituted on the 14th of March, 1821, for the warriors who had made with 

 him the campaigns of 1814 and 1815. This is, for combatants, of gun- 

 metal, for non-combatants, of cast iron. The face bears, in a laurel 

 wreath, the inscription, K. W. II. seinen tapfern Hessen (to his brave 

 Hessians), 1821, and the reverse, a cross resting on an oak wreath, with 

 the circumscription, Gott brack des Feindes Macht und Hessen war hefreit 

 (God broke the enemy's strength and Hesse was freed). Upon the cross 

 lies a laurel wreath, over which stands a knight's helmet, and in the wreath 

 the dates 1814, 1815. Combatants wear the medal from a blue, red-bordered 

 ribbon H- inches wide; non-combatants from a white ribbon red-bordered. 



Grand Duchy of Hesse. The Military Service Decoration {pi. 31, fig. 18) 

 was established on the 26th December, 1833, by the Grand Duke Louis II., 

 and consists, for officers, of a gold, for non-commissioned officers and soldiers, 

 of a silver cross, on the face of which is an L with a crown ; on the reverse, 

 the words, XXV Jahre treuer Dienste (25 years of faithful service). The cross 

 is worn at the breast, from a crimson ribbon with white borders. In bestow- 

 ing it years of campaign count double. For fifty years' service the cross 

 receives curved corners, a crown, and instead of the XXV the figure L. 



The Field Service Token {fig. 19) was instituted 14th June, 1840, for all 

 those who have made a campaign in the Hessian service, and consists of a 

 bronze medal, having on its face an L with a crown and the inscription, 

 Gestiftet am 14 Juni, 1840 (Founded 14th June, 1840) ; on the reverse, 

 the words, Fur treuen Dienst im Kriege (For faithful service in war). 

 The medal is worn from a crimson ribbon with white borders. 



Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach. The Order of the White 

 Falcon {fig. 22) was founded in 1732 by Duke Ernest Augustus, as the 

 Order of Watchfulness, and renewed in 1815 by the Grand Duke Charles 

 Augustus. It consists of three classes. Grand Crosses, 25 Commanders, 

 and 50 Knights. The badge of the Order is a golden, white enamelled 

 falcon, upon a golden, green enamelled Maltese cross. In the angles appear 

 four red points, white enamelled at the ends. On the reverse the cross is 

 white, the points green enamelled. In the centre is a blue enamelled shield 

 with the motto Vigilando ascendimus, bordered with a gold laurel- wreath, 

 with armatures for the military, and covered by a gold crown. Above the star 

 is a crown-royal of gold. Grand Crosses wear this Order from a broad, 

 deep red, silk ribbon, en echarpe, from right to left, and also a silver, eight- 



573 



