102 MILITARY SCIENCES. 



{fig 3) was founded in 1818, by George III., for the Ionian Islands; altered 

 by George IV. in 1826 ; and again changed and enlarged by William IV. in 

 1832. It consists of three classes : fifteen Grand Crosses, twenty Com- 

 manders, twenty-eight Cavaliers, natives of Great Britain or Ireland, 

 Companions. Yet this number is not rigidly adhered to. The order con- 

 fers personal nobility. The badge of the Order consists of a seven armed, 

 golden, white enam.elled Maltese cross, under a king's crown of gold ; for 

 clerical members, under a bishop's mitre. The golden central shield 

 displays on the face the Chevalier St. George on horseback with the 

 Dragon ; on the other side, the Archangel St. Michael with the Dragon. 

 Both sides are surrounded with a blue enamelled border, which bears the 

 device of the order : Auspicium melioris cevi. Grand Crosses wear the 

 order en echarpe, from a ribbon of blue and crimson in three equal stripes, 

 and with it a seven pointed, silver embroidered star, like the order, on the 

 breast. Between each two points is a bundle of golden rays. In this star 

 the seventh point is under. On it lies a simple red, gold bordered cross, on 

 the central field of which the Archangel Michael appears, and which is 

 surrounded by a blue border, containing the device of the Order : Auspicium 

 melioris cevi. The golden collar has in the middle two lions of St. Mark, 

 with bundles of seven arrows, and over them the English royal crown ; 

 then follows on the left the cypher , S. M., and on the right, S. G. ; then 

 on each side a white enamelled, gold Maltese cross, and next the English 

 lion. Above and below, gold chains unite the different pieces. Com- 

 manders w^ear the order en sautoir, and a recumbent Maltese cross in 

 silver, with silver rays between the arms, on the breast. On this star is a 

 cross as on the star of the Grand Crosses. Chevaliers wear the order from 

 a narrow riband at the breast. 



The Military Decoration {pi. 32, jig. 4) has various badges : for higher 

 officers, medals ; then medals with slides, crosses, and crosses with slides. 

 The simple medal is for the first battle, for the next the slide is added. 

 After four battles comes a golden cross {fig. 4), which has in the centre 

 the English lion over a laurel branch, and in the four corners the names 

 of the battles. To this is added again slides with the names of new battles, 

 and England has officers with the cross and seven slides. Medals and 

 crosses are worn from a deep red riband with sky-blue border. 



Russian Empire. The Royal Imperial Order of the White Eagle {fig. 5), 

 it is said, was founded in 1325 by King Wladislaus V. of Poland. King 

 Augustus renewed it in 1705. At the partition of Poland in 1795, it 

 seemed to expire ; but when King Frederick Augustus became in 1807 

 Duke of Warsaw, he again renewed it, and subsequently the Emperor 

 Nicholas made it a Russian Order. The badge consists of a golden, red 

 enamelled Maltese cross, with gold balls at the points, on which is displayed 

 a white enamelled eagle with outspread wings. This cross lies upon a 

 golden, black enamelled hexagon, within which is a golden triangle, whose 

 points touch the hexagon. The whole of this lies upon the Russian double- 

 headed black eagle, of gold, black enamelled, and this hangs by two chains 

 from the Russian imperial crown. There is only one class, and the order is 

 578 



