WARFARE OF MODERN TIMES. 105 



is in all respects like the order, without the crown, and is embroidered in 

 silver. 



Kingdom of Sardinia. The Royal Military Order of Savoy {fig. 14), 

 founded by King Victor Emanuel in 1815 for military only, has four classes, 

 Grand Crosses, Commendators, Knights, and holders of the silver cross 

 (non-commissioned officers and soldiers). The badge of the Order for the 

 three first classes is a golden, white-enamelled, St. Lazarus cross, in the 

 angles of which appear the arms of a golden, green enamelled. Maltese 

 cross with balls at the points, under a golden king's-crowm. Grand Crosses 

 wear this from a broad, green riband, en echarpe, and with it a silver- 

 embroidered, eight-pointed star, adorned with the cross of the Order without 

 the crown. Commanders wear the order en sautoir : Knights at the breast. 

 The badge of the Order for the fourth class is wholly of silver, with gold 

 edges, and a rosette instead of the crown. The Military Medal established 

 by Charles Albert in 1833, is given in gold and silver. The face displays. 

 between two laurel branches, a round shield with a cross and a king's crown 

 over it. The circumscription reads, Al valore militare. The reverse 

 {pi. 32, fig. 15) contains between two laurel branches the name of the 

 possessor. The medal is worn from a blue silk riband. 



Papal States. The Order of St. Gregory, founded in 1831 by 

 Pope Gregory XVI., has Grand Crosses of the first and second class, Com- 

 manders, and Knights. The badge of the Order is a golden, red enamelled 

 Maltese cross with golden balls. The blue central shield displays the golden 

 bust of St. Gregory, and in the golden border the inscription, S. Gregorius 

 magnus. Over the cross the military have a golden troph}'', civilians a 

 green oak-branch. Grand Crosses of the first class wear the order from 

 a red, yellow bordered riband, en echarpe, from the right, and on the breast 

 an eight-pointed star, silver embroidered, wdth the badge of the Order 

 {fig. 16). Grand Crosses of the second class wear the order en sautoir 

 with the star ; Commanders, the order only, en sautoir ; and Knights, the 

 order, at the breast, and smaller. 



Grand Duchy of Tuscany. The Silver Military Medal {fig. 17) was 

 established in 1815 for non-commissioned officers and soldiers. The face 

 contains the bust of the Grand Duke Ferdinand III. with a circumscription ; 

 the reverse, in a laurel wreath, the words, Ai prodi e fedeli Toscani, 1815. 

 It is worn from a riband half red, half white. 



Kingdom of Greece. The Order of the Redeemer, founded by King Otho 

 in 1833, has five classes : 12 Grand Crosses, 20 Grand Commanders^ 

 30 Commanders, 120 Knights of the gold, and an unlimited number of the 

 silver cross. The badge of the Order consists of a white enamelled Maltese 

 cross, covered with the royal crown. The centre of the cross, surrounded 

 with a green wreath of oak and laurel, displays, in a blue field, the Greek 

 cross with the Bavarian centre shield, and in the blue border the 

 words, *H AEHIA 20T XEIP KTPIE AEAOHA2TAI EN 12XTI (Lord, thy right 

 hand is glorious in power). The reverse displays the bust of the founder, 

 with the circumscription (in Greek), Otho, King of Greece. The silver 

 cross is precisely like the gold in shape, but has everywhere silvei 



581 



