106 MILITARY SCIENCES. 



instead of gold. Grand Crosses wear the order from a broad, blue, white 

 bordered riband, en echarpe, from the left, and on the left breast a star 

 {pi. S2, Jig. 18), which is embroidered with eight long and forty short rays, 

 and upon which rests the badge of the Order, so changed that the motto is 

 not upon the cross but on a broad blue border around the same. Com- 

 manders of the first class wear the order en sautoir, and a somewhat 

 smaller cross on the right breast. Commanders, the cross alone, somewhat 

 larger than the Knight's cross, en sautoir ; Knights, the cross, on the left 

 breast. 



Kingdom of Belgium. The Order of Leopold {fig. 19) was founded on 

 the 11th July, 1832, by King Leopold, and has four classes : Grand Crosses, 

 Commanders, Officers, and Knights. The decoration is a golden, white 

 enamelled Maltese cross, with balls at the points, which are united by an 

 oak and laurel wreath. In the centre is a black enamelled shield with a 

 red, gold-edged border, which contains on the face the name-cypher of the 

 king, consisting of two L's and two R's, on the reverse the Belgian lion. 

 The face of the border contains, the device Vunion fait la force; the 

 reverse two laurel branches. Over the cross is a royal crown, and for 

 companions who belong to the military two crossed swords below this. 

 The riband is of deep red silk and of three widths, as the decoration is of 

 three sizes. The golden collar for Grand Crosses consists alternately of a 

 crown with the Belgian lion on each side, and the double name-cypher of the 

 king between two chains. Grand Crosses wear the decoration en ecJiarpe 

 from the right, and on the left breast a silver eight-pointed star, with the 

 central shield of the decoration (with the lion), which for military rests 

 upon two crossed swords. Commanders wear the decoration en sautoir, 

 and at the same time in silver and colors (for military resting on two 

 crossed swords), embroidered on the left breast. Officers and knights wear 

 the cross from a narrow riband at the breast. 



Kingdom of Sweden. The Seraphim Order {fig. 20) is said to have 

 been founded by King Magnus I. in 1280, and was renewed by King Fre- 

 derick I. in 1748, and increased under Charles XIII. The Order has only 

 one class, and the candidate for it must have received already the Orders of 

 the Sword, and of the North Star. The decoration is a golden, white 

 enamelled Maltese cross, with balls, under a royal crown. The lozenge- 

 shaped, blue central shield, contains on the face the letters I. H. S. {Jesus 

 Hominum Salvator), over the centre of which stands a cross, and on the 

 reverse the words, Fredericus rex Suecice. The central field is sur- 

 rounded by four golden seraphim heads and four golden patriarchs' crosses. 

 The decoration is worn from a broad blue riband en echarpe from the right. 

 With it, on the left breast, a silver Maltese cross, with a round, blue, cen- 

 tral shield, which contains the above-mentioned letters, &c., in white, with 

 gold edges, and also three gold crowns, two above, one below, and under 

 these three gold nails. On the arms of the cross lie the four silver patriarchs' 

 crosses, and between the arms the four silver seraphim heads. The golden 

 collar, for festal occasions, consists of gold seraphim heads, and blue, gold- 

 edged patriarch crosses alternately between the chains. Grand officers 

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