128 MILITARY SCIENCES. 



respects similar to the limber boxes, so tbat no transference of ammunition 

 from caissons to limber box is necessary, but the full box is exchanged for 

 the emptied one on the limber. A spare wheel is carried on the hind axle, 

 as in the other caisson. The battery and store wagons [fig. 17) are chests 

 with flat covers, resting on a frame which stands on the bed of the hind 

 axle, and has a body bolt by which it is attached to the fore wagon. 



The wagon for the transportation of bridge equipage {fig- 20, side view, 

 Jig. 21, upper view) consists of a fore wagon with chandelier and under- 

 running wheels, and a hind wagon, Z. The frame, a a, is connected by the 

 trunnions, h h, and bears the four sleepers, cccc, upon which the pontoon is 

 lashed by means of the rope, d e, after it is run up from behind over the 

 roller, W. The winches by which the roller, W, is turned are at p ; the 

 draw-ropes winding on it at the same time, while the back part of the 

 wagon is supported by the prop, S, dropped into the position, k. On the 

 frame is also the drag chain and shoe, e. The fore wagon has, over 

 the axle-tree bed, the riding bolster, P, which, by means of the guides, 

 g g, upon which lies the sweep-bar, 1 1, and the ties, h h, is connected with 

 the pole, Y. 



The travelling forge serves to make small repairs and to do horse-shoeing 

 at the time and place required. The Prussian travelling forge {Jig. 18) 

 has the under carriage of the caisson. Upon the forward axle stands the 

 coal and tool box, upon the hinder the hearth with the back and nozzle, in 

 front of which is the bellows. The anvil is placed on the ground. The 

 French travelling forge (pi. 38, Jig. 19) has, on the frame of the battery or 

 park wagon, the coal box over the forward axle-tree, over the hind the bel- 

 lows, and in rear of all a tool box. The anvil stands on the hearth for 

 transportation, and is taken down for work. 



For moving artillery short distances close to the surface of the earth the 

 devil carriage is used. The simplest {Jig. 22) is an axle-tree bed, a, with 

 the guides, Im, between which one simple pole, with rings for fasten- 

 ing draw^-ropes, is secured. In use, the devil carriage is brought over the 

 gun, the pole raised, and the trunnions of the piece made fast to the bolster, 

 then the pole is brought down to the ground and the cascable made fast to 

 it. If now the pole is raised to the draught height, the piece will clear the 

 ground about 6 inches, and can easily be transported. The compound 

 devil carriage {fig. 23) has a screw, on which works a cross yoke with 

 hooks, to which, when depressed as much as possible, the load is fastened, 

 and then by turning the screw raised with little effort. 



2. Fabrication of Artillery and Projectiles, Balls and Bombs, 



Since the earliest and rudest construction of artillery, at the period of its 

 first introduction, was given up, it has been produced only by casting, for 

 the attempts in modern times to forge guns have thus far led to no practical 

 results. At first the piece was cast hollow, over the core, or rod covered 

 with clay to the size of the bore, placed in the centre of the finished mould 

 and taken out after the casting. It was soon perceived, however, that the 

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