HISTORY OF NAVIGATION. 17 



but before the close of the war the force was considerably reduced. In 

 1815 a still further reduction was effected by Parliament; and in 1817 the 

 number of seamen was reduced to 13,000 and of marines to 6,000. An 

 increase was subsequently ordered, and in 1831 there were 22,000 seamen 

 and 10,000 marines. The pay of this force, at £2 125. a month, amounted 

 to £1,081,000 sterling ; and their support, at £l 95. a month, cost £603,000. 

 This added to the expense of magazines, improvements, and so forth, makes 

 the annual sum of two million pounds sterling, without reckoning the out- 

 lay for pensions and half-pay, or for building, repairs, and construction of 

 harbors, so that the annual charges for the navy are not less than four and 

 a half millions. The commercial navy of England in 1843 consisted of 

 24,500 vessels and 160,000 seamen, with an aggregate value computed at 

 twenty-six and a half millions sterling. 



The Dutch Navy consists of 15 ships of the line, of from 54 to 84 guns ; 

 20 frigates, 21 corvettes, and 26 other vessels of war. It has in addition 

 13 steamships, of 7 to 8 guns each, and 165 gunboats. The colonial 

 marine in India, in 1845, was composed of 21 vessels, including one frigate 

 of 48 guns, and two iron steamers of 11 guns. 



The Danish Navy contains 6 ships of the line, with from 66 to 84 guns ; 

 8 frigates, of from 40 to 48 guns ; 4 corvettes, of from 20 to 26 guns ; 1 

 barque, of 14 guns ; 5 brigs, of 12-16 guns ; 3 schooners, of 6 guns ; 3 cut- 

 ters, with six guns and 2 falconets ; 23 bomb-sloops ; 17 bomb-gunboats ; 

 139 common gunboats , 1 steamship of 200 horse-power, with 2 sixty pound 

 moi tars and 6 24-pounders ; and 1 steamship of 80 horse-power, with 2 

 18-pounder swivel guns. 



The German Navy, established in 1848, as yet only contains 5 frigates, 

 3 of which are steamers ; 6 steam corvettes ; and 26 gunboats ; and there 

 is hardly any chance of its increase, or even maintenance, if the people do 

 not realize the combination of the many small and weak German states 

 into one single state, or a confederation with a central government, as the 

 only executive for foreign affairs. 



The French Navy consists of 25 ships of the line, 37 frigates, 30 cor- 

 vettes, 44 brigs, 43 small armed vessels, and 32 transports. Of steam 

 vessels, it has 1 ship of the line, with 80 guns, of 960 horse-power ; 20 

 frigates, of from 450 to 650 horse-power ; 27 corvettes, of from 220 to 450 

 horse-power ; and 57 smaller steamers of different powers. 



The Portuguese Navy numbers 40 vessels, with 940 guns, including 2 

 ships of the line, with 80 guns ; 6 frigates ; 8 corvettes ; 1 steamship, and 

 so forth. 



The Spanish Navy is now greatly reduced. Of 2 ships of the line, 4 

 frigates, and 18 smaller vessels, which were in commission in 1834, the 

 greater part are unfit for service, and most of the naval officers are old and 

 worn out. The naval departments are discontinued, the General Marine 

 Office only existing at Cadiz. In 1802 Spain had 68 ships of the line and 

 40 frigates. 



The Sardinian Navy has 5 frigates, with 60 guns; 2 corvettes, 6 

 smaller vessels, 12 gunboats, and 1 steamship. 



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