18 NAVAL SCIENCES. 



Tuscany has a small navy of 3 schooners and 2 gunboats. The navy 

 of the Pope consists of 2 frigates and 4 smaller vessels. 



The Neapolitan Navy numbers 12 vessels, including 1 ship of the line, 

 with 84 guns ; 3 frigates, and 4 corvettes. 



The Austrian Navy has 8 ships of the line, 8 frigates, 4 corvettes, 6 

 cutters, 7 schooners, and several steamers and smaller vessels. 



The Turkish Navy consists of 10 ships of the line in commission and 5 

 not in commission; 15 frigates, 3 steamships, and several corvettes and 

 other vessels. 



The Egyptian Navy at present has not more than 3 ships of the line, 1 

 frigate, 1 corvette, and 2 cutters. 



The Navy op the United States consists of 11 ships of the line, with 

 860 guns ; 1 razee, of 54 guns ; 12 first class frigates, with 528 guns ; 2 

 second class frigates, with 72 guns; 22 sloops of war, with 418 guns; 4 

 brigs, with 40 guns ; 5 schooners, 15 steamers, and 5 storeships and brigs. 



The Brazilian Navy has 90 vessels, including 1 ship of the line, 3 

 frigates, and 4 corvettes. 



4. Navigation of Non-European Nations. 



With the exception of the civilized portion of the American continent, 

 navigation out of Europe is in a low degree of advancement, corresponding 

 with the general want of culture of those nations, and the recent period at 

 which they have come in contact with Europe. Like every branch of 

 human knowledge, navigation has been neglected by those nations whose 

 geographical position has isolated them from mutual intercourse with 

 cultivated nations. A more intimate commerce with Europe is followed 

 by the introduction of European navigation, so that a strictly national 

 marine has no chance of existence. 



Among the nations out of Europe the Asiatics and Africans have always 

 shared to a certain degree in European cultivation, and hence the art of 

 navigation has made some progress among them, although the influence of 

 the European marine predominates. The only exception to this is found 

 in China. The Chinese, a people in many respects so enigmatical and 

 mysterious, have marked out their own path of cultivation, in which for 

 many thousand years they have attained a degree of refinement, of which 

 we have scarcely a conception. For an incredible period they have pos- 

 sessed most modern inventions, but the Chinese wall which has concealed 

 from us their progress, has also until within a few years shut them out 

 from European civilization, so that they have remained in the same posi- 

 tion which they have occupied for centuries. But the extensive marine of 

 China is so far behind the European, that the Chinese junk Kay-Ying, 

 which was lately purchased by the English and taken to London, was the 

 first ship which had ever ventured beyond the track of their wide coasting 

 navigation, a Chinese voyage round the Cape of Good Hope being an 

 extraordinary occurrence. 

 670 



