RIGGING, &c. 51 



(108 feet 10 inches long, and 2 feet thick). The fore-top-sail-yard is once 

 and one third the ship's breadth (72 feet 6 inches long, and 1 foot 3j inches 

 thick). The foi'e-toj)-gallant-]/ard is seven tenths of the ship's breadth 

 (36 feet long, and 9^ inches thick), and the fore-royal-yard is in the same 

 proportion to the fore-top-gallant-yard as the main-royal-yard to the main- 

 top-gallant-yard (23 feet long, and 5^ inches thick). 



The mizen-mast {pi. 9, fig. 27 F) stands two thirds of the ship's breadth 

 from the stern-post (36 feet 3 inches). It reaches only the first deck, where 

 its heel is fastened, while the two other masts touch the kelson. All the 

 parts connected with it have the name mizen applied to them. The breadth 

 of the ship added to twice its depth gives the length of this mast (100 feet 



5 inches long, and two feet 6 inches thick). The mizen-top has the same 

 relation to this mast as in the two others. The mizen-top -mast is the first 

 prolongation of the mizen-mast, its length being equal to the ship's breadth 

 ( 54 feet long, and 1 foot 3 J inches thick). The mizen-top -gallant-mast is the 

 second prolongation of the mizen-mast, but is not used in all ships, and in 

 that case the mizen-top-mast is lengthened out one third, and bears the 



,mizen-truck. The length of the mizen-top-gallant-mast is equal to one half 

 of the ship's breadth (27 feet long, and 7 inches thick). The spanker-gaff 

 is a yard twice the ship's breadth in length (108 feet 10 inches). At the 

 lower end it is three quarters of the thickness of the fore-yard, and one half 

 its thickness at the upper end, and has the same length ; hence the lower 

 end is 1 foot 6 inches thick, the upper end 1 foot. It does not hang crosswise 

 or horizontally like the other yards, but fore and aft ; the thickest end is for- 

 ward, and the other raised to the height of half the mizen-top-mast. It is 

 secured to this mast under the cross-jack-yard. This yard bears no sail, and 

 serves only to turn the mizen-top- sail, and stretch its lower ends. The length 

 of the cross-jack-yard is one third the breadth of the ship (72 feet 6 inches 

 long), like the fore-top-sail-yard, but its thickness is one quarter less, being 

 only 1 foot 4 inches. The mizen-top -sail-yard has the length of the ship's 

 breadth (54 feet, 5 inches), and the mizen-top -gallant-yard, which as well as 

 the mizen-royal-yard, is not used in all vessels, is only two thirds as long as 

 the mizen-top-sail-yard (36 feet inches long, and 6 inches thick). 



The bowsprit is the mast which inclines over the bow of the ship, making 

 an angle of 30° or 33° with the water-line. The step on which it rests is a 

 piece of wood on the first deck, about one foot from the fore-mast. The 

 part projecting over the bow is equal to the ship's breadth in length (54 feet 



6 inches), but the entire mast is about one fifth longer, making 65 feet m 

 the whole. Its greatest thickness is a mean between that of the main-mast 

 and of the fore-mast (3 feet 3 inches). The forward end tapers off about 

 one sixth, and has a cap. 



The jib-boom is the prolongation of the bowsprit, and can be moved back 

 and forth through the cap. The length of the jib-boom is equal to the ship's 

 breadth (54 feet 6 inches), and its thickness is equal to one forty-eighth of its 

 length (1 foot 1 inch). 



The spritsail-yard is fastened on the bowsprit at about two thirds of its 

 length, and has the same dimensions as the fore-top-sail-yard. There is 



703 



