72 NAVAL SCIENCES. 



deck, though they have no fixed position on it. The greater part of it is 

 kept empty, in order to stow away articles on it during an engagement 

 which would otherwise be in the way. The space below the orlop is, as it 

 were, the cellar of the ship, and contains many rooms of various kinds. We 

 here see the keel '; it is altogether 140 feet long. The kelson,^ parallel with the 

 keel. Between these pass the ship's timbers, which set into grooves in the 

 kelson two inches deep. The spaces between them are filled with blocks 

 called dead-wood. The kelson serves to support the heel of the masts and 

 of the main capstan. The run,^ where the ammunition is kept. The three 

 bread-rooms^ are lined with tin, for the better preservation of the biscuit. 

 The after magazine'' contains chests filled with cartridges and kegs of powder ; 

 and in order to lose no room, firewood is stowed in the vacant spaces. The 

 room is lighted with the powder-lantern.® The after-hold'' is floored with 

 boards laid on the ballast, forming a sort oi orlop, and contains barrels of beer, 

 salt meat, and the like, the spaces being filled with firewood. The captain s 

 wine hold^ is on the starboard side and is separated by a partition from 

 the cheese-rooms^ on the larboard. There are avenues running between 

 the partitions and around and through them. The steward's room^^ where 

 he keeps the provisions for daily use and distributes them to the galley 

 and to the men. The water-cistern ^^ is a vessel with a cock to supply the 

 lower hold with fresh water, after the spoiled water has been pumped out. 

 It is useful to the portion of the ship which remains under water to keep it 

 full of water to a certain height on the inside. The pump well.^^ Tlie shot- 

 lockers^* are places on each side of the pump well for keeping cannon balls. 

 The cable-room ^® contains the cables, disposed in such a manner as not to 

 disturb the equilibrium of the ship. The floor is grated for the water 

 to drop from the ropes into the lower hold. The main-hold.^"" Orlops are 

 erected here (as at ') over the ballast. On these are placed the water-casks, 

 over them the beer barrels, and then smaller barrels of provisions. The 

 carpenter's timber is stowed in this room. At about half the height of the 

 room is an orlop with the berths of the sailing-master and of the boatswain 

 and his mates. During an engagement the chests of the sailors are placed 

 here, and are so arranged that the wounded can be laid upon them, while 

 their wounds are dressed by the surgeon. This is called the cock-pit. The 

 forward provision chests^''; the sailroom^^, where are kept all the spare sails, 

 and when in port those belonging to daily use. Here also sre passages* 

 at the centre and the sides. In the middle one are hung the cartridge- 

 boxes and powder-horns. Here is a second cistern^'^ and a second maga- 

 zine,''^ similar to the first. The forward run'''' is the most forward part of 

 the hold, containing the spare ropes and rigging. A light is kept here day 

 and night and a watchman. 



The lower deck, also the first deck, B, carries fourteen 36-pounders on 

 each side. The places between serve for the quarters of the sailors and 

 marines, where their effects are kept, and where at night their hammocks 

 are hung. PI. 21, fig. 4, night time ; fig. 5, day time. PL 10, fig. 1, and 

 pi. 21, fig. 5, show the position and in part the fastening of the guns. The 

 after part of the lower deck contains the room of the master-at-arms,"' pi 

 724 



