DIFFERENT KINDS OF SHIPS. 73 



9, j^^. 27, extending from the stern almost to the mizen-mast, where it is 

 separated by a thin partition covered with hnen, which in time of action 

 is removed. Here are the quarters of the midshipmen, the clerk, the 

 surgeon, the chaplain, and others, and also, according to the room, some 

 of the officers of marines. In this room, which is often partitioned off into 

 several smaller rooms, we observe the tiller ^^' passing along the deck with 

 the tiller rope, which runs on both sides and then back to the centre, 

 going through each deck to the wheel,*" on the quarter-deck. The run 

 hatch '^' ["],* where the master-at-arms keeps his stores. The bread room 

 hatch'^' ['']. The passage hatch""' ["], which, as the hatch to the after 

 powder magazine is in the centre passage, is covered with lead and fastened 

 with a padlock. The hatch to the steward's room '*' [^*] leads to the wine 

 hold, to the cheese room, and to the after lantern. The main capstan^^' [^®]. 

 This shows also the mode of drawing in the cable by the messenger. This 

 rope {pi. II, Jig. 15 c) is from 9 to 12 inches thick, the ends connected 

 together (as at bed), forming a ring. Knots, a, are made in it at the dis- 

 tance of every five feet. When the cable is to be hauled in, a few turns 

 of the messenger are taken round the capstan, the remainder being stretched 

 to the bow and attached to the cable near the knots by little flat ropes called 

 nippers, with which the sailors take a few turns round both cable and 

 messenger, keeping hold of the ends, walking along near the cable as it is 

 wound on, and releasing the nipped cable when they have reached the 

 hatchway (pi. 9, Jig. 27 "' ['']. The cable then descends into the hold 

 whilst the messenger is being kept winding around the capstan, the unwound 

 part, of course, returning to the bow, where the same operation is recom- 

 menced, and so on, until the whole cable is brought on board. The hatch 

 to the ajter room ^*" [^°] leads also to the after shot-locker and the cable 

 room. On each side of the hatch are two stout rollers, on which the messen- 

 ger runs. The pumps '" [''] discharge the water into gutters which carry it 

 to the scuppers. The main hatch^"' [^'] leads into the main hold and serves 

 to let down the barrels with which it is stowed. The blacksmith's shop ^' [^^] 

 with a small anvil, and a movable hearth with bellows. The floor is covered 

 with sheet iron. The blacksmith's shop is also often contiguous to the 

 galley. The forward capstan ^' ['']. The Jorward hatch '' [''] leads into the 

 forward part of the main hold. The sheet anchor is laid here, one arm of 

 which reaches down the hatch. The bitts^' [''], to which the cable is 

 fastened. The hatch to the forward passages "" ["] and the hatch to the 

 Jorward run'"' ['']. The water troughs'"" [''], which receive and lead oflT 

 the water which comes into the ship when the anchor is hove up. The 

 hawser holes'''" ["], through which the cable passes. 



The upper, or second deck, C. Although the poops, the quarter deck, and the 

 forecastle are all over this deck, it is called the upper deck, because those 

 parts are regarded as separate appendages. This deck, especially with the 

 English, is now entirely built over, but as the erections have no broadsides 

 of guns they do not receive the name of decks. The parts have the same 



* The figures in brackets [ ] refer to pi 10, Jigs. 1, 2. 



725 



