DIFFERENT KINDS OF SHIPS. 81 



40 cubic feet, by which standard light goods are shipped, whilst dead weight, 

 with which the ship cannot be fully laden without sinking, is reckoned by 

 tons' weight, according to the ship's capacity of burden. 



There is a great variety in the kinds of merchantmen, but they are all 

 more simple in their construction than ships of war. Those of the largest 

 size have a deck below the main deck, called the hetween-deck, in the forward 

 part of which is the cable-room, where the cables and the spare rigging are 

 kept. The cabin, which is usually furnished with considerable elegance, is 

 at the stern. This contains the sleeping berths for the captain and mates. 

 In the run, under the cabin, is a sail-room, where the sails are kept, and 

 the steward's room, for provisions. In merchant vessels the galley (kitchen) 

 is on the deck, abaft the fore-mast or between the main and fore hatches. 

 The crew have their berths under the forecastle. When the forward hold 

 of the ship is divided off by a partition, the space is called the forward run, 

 and serves as a store-room for fresh water, firewood, coal, &c. Vessels of 

 a smaller size have no between-deck, and the whole interior space is occu- 

 pied for stowage, except a small portion at the stern, which is partitioned 

 off for the cabin. For the crew and luggage there is a place constructed 

 on the deck abaft the main-mast, containing the galley, the steward's room, 

 and the sailors' berths. The cables and spare rigging are kept on the deck, 

 covered with tarpaulin. As regards the external construction and rigging, 

 merchantmen are classified as ships, barques, brigs, schooners, sloops, cutters, 

 lucrorers, &c. 



Full-rigged ships have three masts with square sails. They are of 

 sharp construction, with a head and sometimes galleries. PL 26, Jigs. 9 ah, 

 represent French ships of this kind under sail. PL 15, Jig. 1, shows the 

 after part of a French merchantman, with a shark being drawn in at the 

 stern. Vessels of this kind measure from 300 to 1000 tons, and sometimes 

 more. The East Indiamen, intended for long voyages, carry 8 or 10 small 

 guns on each side of the between deck. In the middle of this deck places 

 are partitioned off for the sails, the spare rigging, and the ship's stores. 

 The spaces between the guns form the quarters of the crew, who often 

 number from 80 to 100 men. The galley is forward in the bow. The 

 cabin is often splendidly fitted up. 



Brigs (pi. 15, Jig. 11) are very favorite merchant vessels, as they have 

 two masts with square sails and can be managed by few men. 



Pinks (pi. 15, Jig. 6) are used principally in the Mediterranean, though 

 less common now than formerly. They have three masts, the two forward 

 ones being made out of one piece. They have lateen sails. A projecting 

 beak takes the place of the bowsprit. The sails are awkwardly arranged. 

 In a high wind square sails must be hoisted, in order that the vessel 

 may stand the sea. The fore-mast is particularly inconvenient, as it 

 inclines forward to an excessive degree. In the North Sea and the Baltic 

 the name pink is applied to three-masted merchantmen, which differ 

 from barks only in being higher built, sharper below, and narrower in the 

 stern. 



Barques are three-masters, square-rigged on the fore and main masts, but 



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