IV 



INDEX TO MILITARY SCIENCES. 



15, 16 ; formation, internal organization, law 

 usage, and custom of war of the first regular 

 European, 42-44. For description of modem 

 infantry, see the respective countries. 

 Intrenchments, field, of the ancients, 143. 



Javelins, the, of the Romans, 17. 



Jugurtha, manoeuvre of Marius against, 27, 28. 



Kerarch, a Greek military officer, 11. 

 Keratarchy, a, 11. 

 Klisis, the, or quarter- wheel, 11. 

 Knapsacks, 65. 



Koilembolon, the, an order of battle among the 

 Greeks, 13. 



Lance, the, various forms of, among the Greeks, 

 8, 9 ; different forms of, in the Middle Ages, 

 34, 35 ; in modem times, 64. 



Lance exercise, the, 76, 77 ; combat with the 

 lance and bayonet, 77, 78. 



Landau, the fortifications of, by Vauban, 158. 



Landsknechts, the, 42 ; drill and discipline of, 43. 



Lantern, the, in old fortifications, 145. 



Legates, the, of the Roman legion, 15. 



Legion, the Roman, numbers, composition, &c., 

 of, 15 ; subdivisions of, 16 ; auxiliaries and light 

 troops attached to, ib. ; the field-music and le- 

 gionary cavalry, 17 ; dress and arms, 17-19 ; 

 order of battle and modes of attack of, 21, 24— 

 30 ; re- organization of, under Caesar, 24, 25 ; 

 alterations in, under Augustus and Trajan, 25 ; 

 description of a camp, 25, 26 ; orders of march, 

 26 et seq. 



Leucaspides, the, of Alexander, 11. 



Lictor, the Roman, 16. 



Light-balls, composition of, 137. 



Limber, the, or front carriage, 126, 127. 



Line of defence, the, 155. 



Lines, fortified, 150 ; of circumvallation, 164. 



Loam moulding, 129. 



Lochagos, a Greek military officer, 10. 



Lochos, the, or file of the Greek army, 10. 



Loopholes, various forms of, 146, 



Louvre, the old, at Paris, 147. 



Lunette, a, 154, 156. 



Mace, the, 36, 37. 



Macedonia, the military system of, 7. 



Machicoulis, 145. 



Magazines, powder, 136, 137, 154. 



Magistral, the, 155. 



Mail-armor, the, of the Germans and kindred na- 

 tions, 38, 39 ; great magnificence displayed in, 

 . 40. 



Mallet, the, a weapon of the Middle Ages, 37. 



Maniple, a subdivision of the infantry of a legion, 

 16. 



March, the manner or pace of, 79 ; various orders 

 of, 81-83. 



Marius, manoeuvre of, against Jugurtha, 27. 



Marolais, his system of fortification, 156. 



Massilia, the siege of, 163. 



Matchlock, the ancient, 117. 



Mecklenburg, honorary badge for military service 

 in, 100. 



Medals, military, and other badges. See Orders. 



Medes, the ancient, military system of, 5-7. 



Merarch, a Greek military officer, 11, 



Messene, the walls of, 141. 



Metabole, the, or half wheel, 11. 



Metellus, manoeuvre of, against Jugurtha, 27. 

 786 



Middle Ages, warfare of the. See Germany. 

 Mines, method of constructing, 171-173. 

 Montalembert, his system of fortification, 161. 

 Morgenstem, the, a weapon used in the Middle 



Ages, 36, 37. 

 Mortars, the earliest constructed, 115 ; description 



of, 121 ; carriage or bed for, 124, 125. 

 Moulding, the, of cannon, 129-132 ; of projectiles, 



133, 134. 

 Musical instruments of modem armies, 65. 

 Musket, the, different kinds of, 64 ; various forms 



of construction of, in the Middle Ages, 117, 118. 

 Mycenae, the walls of, 141. 

 Myriarch, a Persian military officer, 5. 

 Mysians, arms of the ancient, 6, 



Nassau, honorary badge for military service! in, 



100. 

 Netherlands, the, honorary badge for military 



service in, 107. 

 Numantia, the siege of, 163, 



Oldenburg, honorary badge for military service in, 

 100. 



Onager, a name for the ballista, 109. 



Orders and Badges of Honor given for military 

 services, in Austria, 89-91 ; in Prussia, 91-93 ; 

 in Bavaria, 93, 94 ; in Saxony, 94 ; in Hano- 

 ver, 94, 95 ; in Wirtemburg, 95, 96 ; in the 

 grand duchy of Baden, 96 ; in the electorate of 

 Hesse, 97 ; in the grand duchy of Hesse, ib. ; 

 ia Saxe- Weimar Eisenach, 97, 98 ; in Saxe- 

 Coburg Gotha, 98 ; in Saxe-Altenburg, ib. ; in 

 Saxe- Meinin gen, ib. ; in Saxe-Hildburghausen 

 and Saxe-Gotha Altenburg, 99 ; in Brunswick, 

 99, 100 ; in Nassau, 100 ; in Mecklenburg, ib. ; 

 in Oldenburg, ib. ; in Anhalt-Kothen, 100, 101 ; 

 in Anhalt-Dessau, 101 ; in France, ib. ; in 

 Great Britain, 101, 102; in Russia, 102, 103; 

 in Turkey, 103 ; in Persia, 103, 104 ; in Spain, 

 104 ; in Portugal, ib. ; in the Two Sicilies, ib. ; 

 in Sardinia, 105 ; in the Papal States, ib. ; in 

 Tuscany, ib. ; ia Greece, 105, 106 ; in Belgium, 

 106 ; in Sweden, 106, 107 ; in the Nether- 

 lands, 107 ; in Denmark, 107, 108 ; in Bra- 

 zil, 108. 



Orillon, the, definition of the term, 155. 



Oubliettes, the, of old fortresses, 147. 



Outworks, 144, 155. 



Pagan, Count, his system of fortification, 157. 

 Paixhans, the bomb-cannon and mortar of, 121. 

 Papal States, the, honorary badge for military 



service in, 105. 

 Paragogue, an order of march among the Greeks, 



13. 

 Parallels, the first, second, and third, construction 



of, 164, 165 ; works of the third parallel, 166, 



167. 

 Parastates, the, of the phalanx, 11. 

 Parembole, a movement of the phalanx, 12. 

 Parthians, arms of the ancient, 6. 

 Partisan, the, a species of weapon, 35. 

 Peltastes, the, a division of the Greek infantry, 8, 



11. 

 Pempadarch, the commander of a pempas, 10, 

 Pempas, a subdivision in the Greek army, 10. 

 Pentacosiarch, an officer's grade in the Greek 



army, 10. 

 Pentekontarchy, the, a division of the phalanx, 11. 

 Perispasmus, the, a movement of the phalanx, 12. 

 Persia, honorary badge for military service in, 103. 



