INDEX TO MILITARY SCIENCES. 



Persians, the ancient, military system of, 5 ; com- 

 position and weapons of the army, 5-7. 



Petard, the, 116. 



Phalangaroh, a Greek military officer, 11. 



Phalanx, the Greek, organization of, 10, 11 ; 

 niovenients and various formations of, 11-13; 

 divided into three lines by the Romans, 15. 



Phopnicians, the, military system of, 4. 



Phrygians, arms of the ancient, 7. 



Pilani, the, of the legion, 15. 



Pioneer service, 171. 



Pistol, the cavalry, 65. 



Places of arms, 152. 



Plaision, the, an arrangement of the phalanx, 13. 



Plate armor, 39. 



Platforms, in old fortifications, 145. 



Platoon, a, 79. 



Plinthion, the, an arrangement of the phalanx, 13. 



Polygon, the, the foundation of every fortification, 

 155. 



Pompeii, the walls of, 142. 



Pontoon service, 174. 



Portcullis, the, 145. 



Portugal, honorary badge for military service in, 

 104. 



Powder magazines, 136, 137, 154. 



Praetors, the, 15. 



Prefect, the, of the legion, 16. 



Primipil, the, of the legion, 25. 



Princeps, the, of the legion, 25. 



Principes, the, of the legion, 15. 



Prisoners, treatment of, in the Middle Ages, 33. 



Projectiles, science of, 109. 



Prostaxis, a movement of the phalanx, 12. 



Protaxis, the, 12. 



Protostates, the, of the phalanx, 11. 



Prussia, the army of, general account of its orga- 

 nization, strength, &c., 45-50 ; orders and other 

 honorary badges for military service in, 91-93. 



Psilagia, the, a division of the phalanx, 11. 



Psilites, the, or light-armed infantry of the 

 Greeks, 8. 



Punishments, military, among the Romans, 23. 



Pyrotechny, military, 135-140. 



Quoin, the screw, 125. 



Ram, the battering. 111. 



Rampart, the, 155. 



Ranip.«, 151, 155. 



Rank and file, training in, 79. 



Rapiers, or swords a. I'estoc, 36. 



Ravelins, 156. 



Redans, simple and double, 148. 



Redoubts, forms and sizes of, 149, 151, 152. 



Regiment, meaning of the term, in the 15th cen- 

 tury, 42. 



Rewards, military, among the Romans, 21-23. 

 For modern, see Orders. 



Rhombus, the, an order of battle among the 

 Greeks, 14. 



Rifle, the light infantry, 65. 



Ring-cuirass, the, or hauberk, 39. 



Rockets, signal, 138 ; Congreve, 138-140 ; Bru- 

 lard, 139. 



Romans, the, early military system of, defective, 

 14 ; improvements made by, in the Grecian or- 

 der of battle, 15 ; the constitution of the le- 

 gion, 15, 16 ; the imperator, or general-in-chief, 

 and other officers, 15; the light troops, 16; 

 the field-music, 17 ; the legionary cavalry, ib. ; 

 dress and arms of the troops, 17-21 ; order of 



battle of the legion, 21 ; military rewards and 

 punishments, 21-23 ; the order of battle, method 

 of encampment, and army movements of, 23- 

 28 ; various methods of attack, 28-30. 



Rome, the walls of, 142, 143. 



Rorarii, the, of the legion, 16, 17. 



Rosaries, a kind of fougasses, 173. 



Ruspina, mancEuvre of Julius Caesar at, 28. 



Russia, honorary badges for military service in, 

 102, 103. 



Sabres, difl^erent kinds of, now in use, 63, 64. 



Saddles, various forms of, used in the Middle 

 Ages, 40. 



Sahs, the, or sax, a weapon used by the Saxons, 

 36. 



Samnites, the, arms of, 19. 



Sand moulding, 130-132. 



Sandbags, 168. 



Sap, the different kinds of, 165, 166. 



Sap-fagots, 168. 



Sardinia, honorary badge for military service in, 

 105. 



Sarissa, the, or lance used by the Greek phalanx, 8. 



Saucisson, the, 172. 



Saxe-Altenburg, honorary badges for military ser- 

 vice in, 98. 



Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, honorary badges for military 

 service in, 98. 



Saxe-Hildburghausen and Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, 

 honorary badges for military service in, 99. 



Saxe-Meiningen, honorary badge for military ser- 

 vice in, 98. 



Saxe- Weimar-Eisenach, honorary badges for mi- 

 litary service in, 97, 98. 



Saxons, the, arms of, 20. 



Saxony, honorary badges for military service in, 

 94. 



Scarp, the, 151. 



Schuvaloff, a kind of howitzer, 121. 



Scorpion, the smallest kind of catapult, 109. 



Screw, the elevating, 125, 126. 



Scythians, arms of the ancient, 6. 



Section of a platoon, 79. 



Sepulchral rites among the Greeks, example of, 

 on a grand scale, 14. 



Shell-pieces, or long howitzers, 121. 



Shells, method of casting, 133, 134. 



Shield, the Grecian, 10 ; the Roman, 18 ; various 

 forms of, used in the Middle Ages, 37, 38. 



Shot, solid and hollow, method of casting, 133, 

 134. 



Sickle, the, a form of dagger used by the Bohe- 

 mians, 36. 



Sieges, method of conducting, in ancient times and 

 in the Middle Ages, 163, 164 ; in modem times, 

 164 et seq. 



Signa, the, of the Roman infantry, 15. 



Signals, military, apparatus for transmitting, 138- 

 140. 



Slings, the, and slingers of the ancients, 9, 16. 



Spain, honorary badges for military service in, 104. 



Spanish riders, or chevaux de frise, 152. 



Spear or lance, the Grecian, 8 ; the Roman, 18 ; 

 different forms of the, in the Middle Ages, 34, 35. 



Spello, in Umbria, the gates at, 142, 



Springels, description of different kinds of, 114. 



Spurs, a German invention, 40. 



Standards, the, of the Roman legion. Iff; of mo- 

 dem armies, 65, 66. 



Strategos, a Greek military officer, 11. 



Styphos, the, a division of the phalanx, 11. 



787 



