« 
“ 
“ec 
“cc 
Fig. 
21. Piedmontese Doppia nuova of 
Charles Emanuel, 1797, 7 80 
22. Polish ducat, 1791, . : ee 6) 
23. Portuguese dobrao, 1725,. te as) 
24. Portugalese, 1800, . ‘ 5 40 
25. Crusado nuovo of MarialL., 1790, 2 60 
96. Russian ducat of Paul L., 1801, 4 00 
27. Russian imperial of Catharine 
II., 1766, (eV 
28. Saadinian cold piece of 20 lire 
nuove, 1827, 3 30 
29. Swedish ducat of Charles XIIL., 
1810, , > 2 00 
30. Sicilian double ances 1752, 8 00 
31. Spanish quadruple, 1801, . 2 £600 
32. Tuscan ruspone of Ferdinand 
III., 1798, ; 6 40 
Sa. Turkish zermahubzechino of Se- 
tan fir, 1 45 
34. Sequin or zechino. of Selim 
‘1 : : : it hcl 
35. Venetian zechino, oy 2 20 
36. Venetian gold ducat, 3 30 
PLATE 23. ite 
1. Exterior view of the mines of Fa- 
lun in Sweden, 710 
2. Exterior view of the mines of 
Persberg in Sweden, 710 
3. Coal strata of oncbeups: 687 
4. Coal strata of Newcastle-upon- 
Tyne, . , 687 
5-7. Slate quarries near ‘Angers, 693 
8-11. Apparatus for blasting, . 692 
12,13. Boring apparatus, 689 
14-35. Miners’ tools, 690-711 
36. Interior view of a coal mine at 
Neweastle-upon-Tyne, 687 
PLATE 24, 
Figs. 1-32. Illustrating the construction of 
levels and shafts, . 695-704 
33, 34. Illustrating the ventilation of 
mines, : 707 
35. Exhausting engine, . : 107 
36-39. Modes of descent and ascent 
in mines, . 709 
40-43. Miners at work, 705 
PLATE 25. 
1. Interior view of the mines of Pers- 
berg in Sweden, : 710 
2. Interior view of the mines of Fa- a- 
lun in Sweden, 710 
3,4. Sections of mines, . 705 
5. Two coal seams, 705 
6-9. Apparatus for boring, 689 
10. Mining by fire, . 693 
11-26. Illustrating the construction of 
levels and shafts, 695-704 
27-35. Miners’ tools for slate mines, 693 
PLATE 26. 
1. Interior view of the salt mines of 
Wieliczka, . F 711 | 
2 Interior of the millstone quarry at 
Niedermendig, 710 
3-5. Interior plans of mines, . 705 
CONTENTS. 
VALUE. 
PLATE 22—(Continued.) 
. Seudo d’oro of the Roman re- 
public, 1798, 

PLATE 26—(Continued.) 
Figs. 6-10. Illustrating the ventilation of 
XXVli 
PAGE 
mines, 707 
« 11. Breathing tube, . 708 
ce 12. Davy’s ‘and Dumesnil’ S safety 
lamps, 708 
« 13-15. Anemometer, 707 
« 16-28. Means of transport of 01 ores, 708 
« 29-34. Hydraulic ram at Huelgoet, . 710 
PLATE 27. 
Figs. 1-7. Open furnaces, 713 
« 8-14. Stack furnaces, 713 
« 15. Puddling furnace, 713 
« 16. Gold amalgam mill, 716 
ton EZ 1S: “ones tior handling cruci- 
bles, F 716 
« 19. Interior of a blast furnace house, 714 
« 20. Tuyere chambers, 714 
« 21. Stamping mill, . 712 
PLATE 28, 
Figs. 1,2. Stack furnaces, 714, 715 
«« 3. Reverberatory furnace, 715 
« 4-8. Crucible furnaces, . 715 
< 9,40) Tongs: “tor handling — ceruci- 
bles, : 716 
«11. Heating chamber for hot- blast, 717 
« 12-22. Rollers for the final prepara: 
tion of iron, 718 
PLATE 29. 
Figs. 1-17. Various ploughs, . 722 
« 18-23. Various harrows, . toe 
« 24-26. Drags and rollers, 723 
« 27-36. Sowing and planting ma- 
chines, 2 723 
« 37,38. Winnowing machine, d 724 
«39. Grain shock, 723 
« 40. Grain crusher, 724 
« 41. Straw cutter, 724 
« 42. Machine for cleaning ‘flax, . 727 
« 43. Machine for washing potatoes, 731 
« 44, Plan and elevation of a farmhouse 
with barn and stables at- 
tached ; given as an appendix 
to the article on agriculture. 
PLATE 30. 
Figs. 1-7. Illustrating the management 
of double crops, 726 
« 8-23. Agricultural tools, . $26 
«© 24. Thermometer used to indicate the 
temperature of heaps in which 
root crops are stored, 725 
« 95,26. Grain stacks, 724 
“ 27,28. Clover frames, 725 
« 29,30. Llustrating underground drain- 
age, ea tt26 
« 31. Stack of roots or fruits, : 725 
« 32-34. Barns and threshing-floors, 724 
«© 35-39. Apparatus for drying fruit, 725 
« 40,41. Grain kilns, . : 724 
a” Agr as. Dairy ; 730 
44 45: Plax brake: 727 
« 46. English churn, . 430 
« A7-49. Apparatus for making cider, a pled 
: PLATE 31, 
Figs. 1-8. Neat cattle, . é : » 29 
« 9-13. Sheep, . . ; (3 
