22 ARCHITECTURE. 
was any means of access by an inner passage. The figures upon the walls 
represent, besides mythological animals, long arrays of warriors making war 
upon lions, unicorns, &c., evidently under the command of the king, whose 
likeness is often introduced. The tomb in jig. 12 is that of Darius. It 
exhibits a high, splendid scaffolding, supported by curiously-shaped figures 
of the unicorn, and between them two tiers of telamons, or pilasters shaped 
like men, supporting a weight on their raised hands. Two priests on duty 
stand at the foot of the scaffolding, and guards are drawn up on each side. 
Upon the scaffolding is the altar with the sacred fire, in front of which, 
elevated by a few steps, stands a figure with one hand leaning upon a bow. 
The other hand is upraised, and the face gazing towards the fire. Above, 
between the hearth and the worshipper, is a soaring figure, only half visible, 
which in the right hand holds a wreath, whilst the left is lifted as if in bene- 
diction. Behind it is seena globe suspended over the fire. The figure 
with the bow represents the king under the protection and in sight of the 
divine beings, Oromasdes and Mythras, worshipping the sacred fire. 
Persian Architecture bears traces of its Egyptian origin throughout ; 
in the selection of building sites, in the style of ornaments of the door caps, 
the decoration of the walls, in the character of the sculptures, in the inferiority 
of their drawing, and in the practice of representing the person of the king 
always taller than all the others. After Darius had invited Grecian artists 
to Persia, the monuments of that and of the following ages frequently bear 
traces of Grecian designs. The best proof of this is the elevation of the 
mausoleum of Darius, and all its details. 
4. Grecian ARCHITECTURE. 
1. General Considerations. 
The first structures devised by man for protection against the weather 
were huts half sunk in the ground, with the upper part formed by posts 
covered with earth and leaves on the outside, and on the inside with the 
skins of the animals which had supplied food for the inhabitants of these 
structures (pl. 7, fig. 1). The inconveniences of these primitive dwellings 
soon became manifest; they not only did not afford sufficient accommodation 
for the increase of families, but they offered very indifferent shelter from 
wind and rain. To remedy these disadvantages was the next step, and the 
enlargement of the capacity of these structures led to the use of more sub- 
stantial materials. Instead of posts they took whole trunks of trees,. and 
entirely inclosed the site of the intended building, placing them close together 
either in a horizontal or perpendicular position. Other trees were put over 
these to form a ceiling, and thus originated log houses. From the great 
consumption of wood it soon became necessary to observe economy in its 
use, and the perpendicular logs began to be separated by intervals, connected 
only by horizontal pieces. A similar change was made with those on which 
the roof rested. The latter were afterwards covered with boards and earth, 
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