ARCHITECTURE. 31 
The simplest house is the temple, at first only intended as a place for the 
safe keeping and protection of the image of the deity. The prominent 
character of the temple proper is the mysterious or awe-inspiring, and 
therefore it never had windows. The next thing was to give it a form, 
which would afford both protection and airiness, and for this purpose por- 
ticoes and colonnades were added. At a later period the centre portion of 
the roof over the inner temple was left open, which gave the interior a more 
roomy appearance. Formerly it had no other light than through the door. 
According to their different modes of construction the following temples 
are distinguished with regard to various points. 
1. With regard to the position of the columns; a. The temples in Antissa, 
with pillars under the corners of the gables, and columns between them 
{ pl. 16, fig. 33); b. The prostylos, temples with a portico in front (fig. 27); 
ce. The amphiprostylos, with a portico in front and rear (fig. 36); d. The 
peripteros, temples with a colonnade all round the building (jig. 26); ¢. The 
pseudoperipteros, temples with portico in front and rear, but half columns 
along the side walls (pl. 15, fig. 11); f£ The dzpteros, temples sur- 
rounded by two colonnades (pl. 12, jig. 4); g. The psewdodipteros, a tem- 
ple with one colonnade round all the four sides, the distance between the 
columns and main walls twice the distance between the columns (pi. 12, 
Jig. 8). 
_ 2. With regard to the number of columns in front. a. Tetrastylos, tem- 
ples with four columns (pl. 16, figs. 36, 38) ; 6. Hewastylos, with six columns 
(pl. 15, fig. 19); ¢. Octastylos, with eight columns (pl. 16, fig. 16); d. Deca- 
stylos, with ten columns (pl. 16, jigs. 8, 14); e. Dodecastylos, with twelve 
columns (pl. 16, fig. 15). 
3. With regard tothe distance between the columns, as described before 
(p. 26). 
There are also circular temples, among which we distinguish: a. The 
monopteros, whose columns are connected merely by railings (pl. 13, jig. 9); 
b. The peripteros, with a colonnade all round (pl. 16, figs. 9,12); c. The 
pseudoperypteros, where the colonnade is only designated by half columns 
on the wall (pl. 9, fig. 5). Besides these there are circular and hexagonal 
temples with one or more halls (pl. 9, fig. 43 pl. 18, jig. 11). 
The different parts of a temple are the substructure with the steps 
(suggestus), and the temple proper, sometimes twice repeated in the same 
building (pl. 16, fig. 3). The latter generally exhibits, a. The place for the 
statue, sometimes surrounded by a railing (pl. 12, fig. 2; pl. 16, fig. 14); 6. 
The space which is left unroofed (pl. 11, jig. 8, where it is surrounded by 
the innermost columns); ¢. Colonnades in the interior of the temple some- 
what elevated above the main floor, stow (pl. 15, jig. 2); d. The sanctuary 
(adyton), sometimes wanting (pl. 11, fig. 17, towards the rear); ¢. The fore 
hall (pronaos), the space between the front columns and the front wall 
(pl. 12, fig. 6); f. A similar space in the rear of the temple, opzsthodomos 
(fig. 8); g. The colonnade, pteroma (jig. 11); A. Attached to colonnades 
or porticoes (pl. 10, fig. 9, c), occurring only seldom. 
A numerous class of ancient buildings are the amphitheatres (agones), 
31 
