ARCHITECTURE. 37 
The oldest Grecian temples were built inthe Doric order. In our descrip- 
tion of the Grecian monuments we shall follow the reports of Pausanias, 
whose annotations were made on a journey undertaken for the special pur- 
pose of examining works of art (4. p. 174), at a period when Athens was 
still in its full splendor. A view of its probable features at that time is 
given in pl. 9, fg. 1, where a A represents the acropolis ( with a the Parthe- 
non, or the temple of Pallas Athene, 0, the statue of Pallas Athene, ¢c, the 
temple of Erechtheus, d, the propyleea); B, the Museum with the monument 
of Philopappus; c, the Areopagus; p, the Pnyx; &, the theatre of Bacchus; 
F, the Prytaneum; a, the Odeon; u, the temple of Jupiter Olympius; 1, the 
‘tower of Andronicus Cyrrhestes, or the tower of the winds; x, the temple 
of Theseus ; 1, the road to the Pyreeus. | 
The Pyrzeus was the port of Athens. Its entrance was ornamented with 
two lions, and it contained five public halls, a large market surrounded by 
colonnades, several temples, and a theatre. The road to Athens lay between 
two enormous walls, running all the way from the city to the port, a distance 
of five miles. . 
Entering the city from this road, the first building near the gate was the 
Pompejon, the starting point of the religious processions. Near this edifice 
was an equestrian statue by Praxiteles. At a short distance from the Pom- 
pejon stood the temple of Ceres, which contained the statues of Proserpine, 
Ceres, and of the youthful Bacchus. Two colonnades led from the Pompejon 
to the part of the city called Ceramicus. There were several similar colon- 
nades in Athens which were necessary for public places of resort. Near 
one of the colonnades at the Pompejon were several temples, the gymnasium 
of Mercury, and the house of Polytion, surrounded by an inclosure, where 
the Eleusinian mysteries were practised by several of the wealthy citizens 
of Athens. Next stood a small building which contained bas-reliefs of burnt 
clay, among which was prominent the festival of the Athenian king 
Amphyction. On the right hand side, near the end of the colonnade, in the 
district of Ceramicus, was the Royal Basilica, where the second archon of 
Athens held his court of justice, and where the Areopagus sometimes met. 
The name Basilica is derived from basileus, the king. This building was a 
peripteros, with porticoes in front and in the rear. The bas-relief in the 
gable represent the victory of Theseus over the pirate Skyron, and the rape 
of Cephalus by Aurora. At the entrance of the hall stood the bronze 
statue of Pindar, with a tiara around his head, a book on his knees, and a 
lyre in his hand. | 
Not far from the Royal Basilica were two remarkable buildings, to the 
right the temple of Apollo containing a picture of Apollo by Euphranor, 
and two statues of Apollo by Leochares and Calamis; and to the left the 
hall of Jupiter was situated, probably built with three rows of columns 
and walls placed inside the two outer rows of columns. 
In the same district was the temple of Cybele, with astatue of the goddess 
by Phidias, and the House of the 500 Senators, with numerous statues and 
paintings. The square to the right near the Royal Basilica was surrounded 
by terminal statues with inscriptions at their base, containing either com- 
37 
