38 ARCHITECTURE. 
memorations of great and gallant deeds of the Greeks, or admonitions to 
wisdom and virtue. | 
Next to the House of the Senate stood the Tholus, a circular building 
surrounded by plantain trees, in which the officiating magistrates took their 
meals, and offered the regulated sacrifices. Among different others it con- 
tained the silver statues of Cecrops and of Pandion, in front of which the 
first archon held his court of justice. After the Tholus came the temple of 
Ares (Mars), with the statues of Mars, Pallas Athene, Venus by Aleamenes, 
another Venus by Locrus, and others. Thestreet leading from the Tholus 
to the market terminated in a hall lmed with terminal statues, formed by 
several porticoes, and known as the Hall of the Herme. The inscriptions 
on the statues proclaimed the gratitude of the state towards the common 
soldiers. ) 
In the rear of the Tholus was the Pnyx, where the large assemblies were 
held. Near it was the Lnneacrounos or fountain with nine jets, the only 
public fountain of Athens; and beyond it, the temples of Ceres and Proser- 
pine, and of Triptolemus, the deified founder of the Eleusinian mysteries. 
The former contained the statue of Ceres, and the latter that of Epimenides. 
Near the Eleusinium was the temple of Eucleia, or the Temple of Glory, 
erected with the booty made in the battle of Marathon, and containing a 
statue of Venus in Parian marble by Phidias. 
Opposite the House of the Senate, in the market and adjoining the Royal 
Basilica, was the temple of Vulcan, containing statues of Vulcan and of 
Pallas Athene. Near tothe Hall of the Herme was the Stoic Hall, in which 
philosophy was taught. In front of its portico were the bronze statues of 
Solon and Seleucus, and that of Mercury ornamented the entrance. The 
interior was decorated with paintings representing battles, the combats of 
the Amazons, &c. The north side of the market was occupied by the 
temple of Venus Urania and that of Alacus. On the market square itself 
was the altar of friendship, and a few other monuments of little importance. 
North of the temple of AXacus was the temple of Theseus, the ruins of 
which still remain in tolerably good condition, whilst the location of the 
other monuments previously mentioned, with the exception of the Pnyx, 
can only be conjectured from literary sources. The Temple of Theseus as 
it is at present, is represented in pl.9, jig. 8, whilst pl. 10, jigs. 3 and 4, 
give views of its restored front, the latter for the sake of comparison reduced 
to the scale of the other elevations on this plate; and pl. 10, jig. 5, shows 
the plan. This Doric temple has columns all round, six in front, and thirteen 
on each side, the corner columns being counted twice, which is always done 
in giving the number of columns of different sides, as they appear on two. 
The temple is 104 feet long by 45 feet wide. The pronaos and posticum 
are formed by the extension of the side walls, and two columns stand between 
the corner pillars. The entire temple is built of white marble, the founda- 
tion of large blocks of limestone. The gable of the pronaos has been deco- 
rated with sculptures which have disappeared, but the frieze inside the 
pronaos still contains representations of several groups of combatants and 
spectators; and the frieze in the posticum the combat of Theseus and the 
38 
