48 ARCHITECTURE. 
cated to Rome and Augustus and of a beautiful gate of the Corinthian order 
(pl. 18, fig. 22, view ; fig. 23, plan.) About a mile from the city are the ruins 
of a mausoleum of a very inferior style. The corners are formed by square 
pillars between which a couple of slender pillars are placed, with half 
columns attached to them inside and outside. The Corinthian columns and 
pillars are fluted on the two upper thirds and plain below. The substruc- 
ture supports over a panelled ceiling a pedestal composed of steps, which 
probably once supported a statue. The frieze is convex. 
Halicarnassus, situated on a safe and extensive harbor, the native pli 
of Herodotus, Sateened the temples of Mercury, Venus, and Mars, and the 
marble-faced royal palace. In the centre of the city was the mausoleum 
erected in honor of the memory of King Mausolus, by his disconsolate 
widow Artemisia (pl. 13, jig. 19, elevation; jig. 20, side view; fig. 21, 
section; jig. 18, ground plan). : The building is outirely, destroyed. Sonia 
of the cabanas and sculptures of it were probably used in the construc- 
tion of the royal palace. Our illustrations have been made from a medal 
(jig. 22, a, 6), whose obverse showed the portrait of Artemisia, the reverse 
the mausoleum, and from ancient descriptions. The mausoleum, erected 
353 B. c., was 140 feet high, and 411 feet in circumference. The substruc- 
ture supported 36 Ionic columns, crowned with a rich entablature. The 
roof was formed by a series of steps, whose top supported the triumphal 
chariot with four horses, by Phytio. The four sides of the substructure 
were decorated with sculptures by Braxis, Leocharis, Timotheus, and Scopas, 
who, after the death of Artemisia, completed them without remuneration 
for the sake of their own reputation and fame. The building was destroyed 
by Alexander 334 x. c. during the siege of Halicarnassus. 
Pl. 10, fig. 22, shows the elevation, and jig. 23, the plan Gn which, by 
mistake, two pola of the sides and the ye have been oniteted) 
of a beautiful Corinthian temple at Euxomus in Ionia. The temple, 
probably erected in the time of Hadrian or Antonine, had six columns in 
front and eleven on the sides, with magnificent capitals and bases. 
The temple of Apollo Didymeeus, one of the largest in Greece, was located 
near the city of Miletus, on the cape Branchide. It was of the Ionic order, 
hypethral, with ten columns in front and two rows of 21 columns on each 
side (pl. 12, jig. 3, front elevation; jig. 4, plan). The columns were 6 feet, 
3 inches in diameter, and 63 feet, 1 inch high; the height of the entabla- 
ture was 7 feet, 42 inches. The capitals of the pillars are ornamented 
with bas-reliefs, and the capital of the only remaining Corinthian column is 
one of the most beautiful in existence, and has been frequently imitated. 
The whole length of the temple was 295 feet, 9 inches, by a width of 156 
feet, 7 inches. 
At Priene, on the right bank of the river Meander, are the ruins of the 
temple of Minerva Polias, built by Pythins under Alexander, 334 B. c. (pl. 
16, jig. 18, plan). It was an amphiprostylos peripteros of the Ionic order, 
with 6 columns in front and 11 on each side; 122 feet, 54 inches long, by 
64 feet, 3 inches wide, exclusive of the three steps. The columns were 4 feet, 
8 inches in diameter, by 36 feet, 11 inches in height. 
48 
