ARCHITECTURE. 55> 
1 inch thick, with the Attic base, which appears to have been generally: 
adopted in Palmyra. The portico has 4 columns in front and 2 at the sides ; 
the cella 4 corner pilasters; it is only 30 feet long, and has two windows, 
which, like those of the Temple of the Sun, prove that the ancients did not 
always avoid side-light in their temples. 
In Heliopolis, or Baalbec, as in Palmyra, the most important ruins are 
those of the Temple of the Sun (pl. 13, jig. 2, plan). It consists of four 
large divisions, of a total length of 940 feet. The first division consists of a 
flight of steps, and the adjoining portico of 12 Corinthian columns, 42 feet, 
8 inches high, and 4 feet, 3 inches thick, and beautifully moulded. Above 
the entablature was a low wall with bottom and top cornices, probably a 
later addition to replace a destroyed gable. The portico has two side halls 
and two gates in the rear wall. The second division is a hexagonal struc- 
ture inclosing a large open court. Five sides of this building, including the 
one in the rear of the portico, formed as many halls, bounded towards the 
court by Corinthian columns, 26 feet high, and 2 feet, 9 inches thick, placed 
on isolated pedestals, 5 feet, 6 inches high. The halls were 60 feet long, by 
a width of 22 feet, and their side and rear walls were lined with two tiers of 
columns, the upper ones connected in pairs by gables. Between these halls 
were nine other smaller apartments, which, like the halls, may have been 
occupied by the priests. The court is 193 feet wide, and at present filled 
with ruins. The third division of the monument is a large quadrangular 
open court, 350 feet long, by 336 feet in width, three of whose sides, including 
that adjoining the hexagonal court, are formed by eight halls, 58 feet long, 
22 feet wide, and 36 feet high, together with four semicircular and several 
smaller quadrangular apartments. In front of each hall stood four smooth 
Corinthian columns, 28 feet high, and two similar ones in front of each 
semicircular apartment. These 40 columns were exactly like those of the 
first court. The interiors of the halls exhibit similar double tiers of columns 
along the walls with the first halls, connected in pairs alternately by triangu- 
lar and arched gables. The columns are 10 feet high, and the halls contain 
the total number of 352. In each niche formed by two connected columns 
was placed either an altar or a statue. Each of the semicircular apartments 
had five niches, decorated with pilasters supporting columns also connected 
in pairs by gables. They contained 40 such columns. In the rear of this 
court was the temple proper, the fourth division of the grand monument. 
It was 268 feet long, by 146 in width, and its peristyle was approached by 
several steps. It had 10 columns in front and rear, and 19 at the sides, of 
72 feet, 5 inches in height, by a diameter of 7 feet. The gable and the 
cella are entirely destroyed. The buildings of the two first divisions stand 
‘over vaulted subterranean apartments, 23 feet high. 
Another very remarkable monument in Baalbec is the temple of Baal or 
Jupiter, situated by the side of the quadrangular court of the Temple of the 
‘Sun, and of which we have given several illustrations (pl. 13, jig. 1, view; 
jig. 3, and pl. 16, jig. 16, plan; jig. 13, view of the interior through the 
large gate). This temple is a peripteros with two rows of 8 columns in 
front, one row in the rear, and 15 at the sides. They are of the Corinthian 
05 
