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62 ARCHITECTURE, 
Caius Corn. Scipio; of Venus Erycina, by Fabius Maximus; of Concordia) 
on the capitol; of Libertas on the Aventine hill; and a temple of Honor. 
and Virtue at the Porta Capena, with two cellas, and decorated with many 
works of art which Marius had brought from Syracuse. This temple was 
of the Doric order, and had 6 columns in front and rear and 11 at the sides 
placed only at one diameter’s distance from the walls. The temple of, 
Hercules and the Muses in the Circus Flaminius, consecrated by Fulvius 
Nobilius, was decorated with the statues of the deities carried away from. 
Greece. | toi 
The comparative smallness of the temples of Rome in this period is, 
evinced by the circumstance that Fulvius Flaccus, 171 8. c., intending to 
erect a temple of Fortuna Equestris, which should be larger than any other 
temple in Rome, proposed to take for its roof half the marble tiles of the tem- 
ple of Juno on the Lacinian promontory, but was refused them by the people. 
Quintus Metellus was the first to favor magnificent architecture. With the 
booty of his victorious Macedonian campaign, 147 B. c., he erected a temple to 
Jupiter Stator, and one to Juno, the first temples of marble in Rome. They 
stood near together on a spacious place surrounded by a peribolus with a 
portico, which was later restored by Augustus, and is, therefore, sometimes 
quoted as the portico of Octavia, but oftener, and with more propriety, by 
its older name of Portico of Metellus. In illustration of these edifices we 
have given a front view of the portico (pl. 18, fig. 14), a ground plan of the 
entire group (jig. 15), and a plan of the temple of Jupiter a little larger 
(pl. 12, fig. 17). The portico, a (pl. 18, fig. 14), consists of two rows of 
fluted Corinthian columns, 36 feet, 6} inches high, 3 feet, 44 inches thick, 
and placed at distances of 1} diameters. Each row consists of four columns 
and two pilasters, on which rests the gable. The front and rear pilasters 
are connected by walls containing the gates to the right and left colonnades 
which had a front of 10 columns each, the whole front being 100 feet. The 
temples of Jupiter and Juno were at c and p respectively, whilst in the 
rear was the school of Octavia. The interior of both,temples was profusely 
ornamented with works of art by the greatest masters, among which were 
Praxiteles, Polycles, and Dionysius. The first structure which Metellus 
caused to be erected by the Grecian architects, Saurus (lizard) and Batrachos 
(frog), has Ionic columns; the restoration made under Augustus by the 
architect Hermodorus was of the Corinthian order. It is said that the first 
architects had worked without remuneration in the hope of being permitted 
to perpetuate their names by an inscription on the temple, but that this 
honor was refused them; when they introduced on the bases of the columns 
a sculptured lizard and frog in order thus to hand their names down to 
posterity. When the temples were completed and nothing remained but to 
erect the statues of Jupiter and Juno, these statues were misplaced by 
mistake, so that the temple with the statue of Jupiter was decorated with 
emblems relating to Juno, and that of Juno with emblems having reference 
to Jupiter. The mistake, being regarded as the will of the gods, was not 
rectified. The temple of Jupiter was a peripteros, that of Juno a pseudo- 
peripteros. 
62 
