ARCHITECTURE. 63 
Three columns of another temple of Jupiter Stator on the Forum Romanum 
are still in good preservation on what is now the Campo Vaccino or cattle 
market (pl. 14, jig. 1°, view; pl. 19, jig. 12, capital; jig. 20, base). 
They are 4 feet, 5 inches, 9 lines in diameter, by a height of 45 feet, 33 
inches. Some archeologists deny the fact of there having been two temples 
of Jupiter Stator, and attribute these columns to a colonnade of Caligula 
which connected the Capitol and Palatine hills; others again call them 
remains of the temple of Castor and Pollux. 
An important building of this period is the temple of Mars in the Circus 
Flaminius, which must not be confounded with that of Mars Ultor, erected 
at a later date by Augustus. Marius also, after his victory over the Cimbri 
and Teutons, erected another temple of Honor and Virtue, which was a 
peripteros without posticum, of. beautiful proportions, but of poor ma- 
terial. 
The temple of Jupiter Capitolinus was destroyed by fire, 187 3. o., 
probably the work of incendiaries, and Sylla immediately commenced 
rebuilding it, by order of the oracle, of the same form, but with the addition 
of the marble columns which he had brought from Athens, having taken 
them from the temple of Jupiter Olympius which was in course of construc- 
tion by Pisistratus. He -had the roof made of gilt bronze plates. Five 
years after the fire the new temple was consecrated by Lutatius Catulus, 
whose name shone on it until the second destruction by fire under 
Vespasian. 
Pompey built in the Circus Maximus a temple near his own theatre, and 
dedicated it to Venus Victrix, whilst Julius Cesar, during his third 
consulate, erected in his own forum a temple to Venus Genetrix, an offering 
which he had vowed before the battle of Pharsalia. 
2. Maxrxets, Basmicas, Curtz. The public squares (fora) were of two 
kinds, such as served for meetings of the people for the transaction of the 
affairs of state, as the great Lorum Romanum and the markets or sales 
places proper, as the Forum Boarium or cattle market, and the Forum 
Olitarvwm, or oil and vegetable market. Marcus Fulvius Nobilius.caused a 
market to be erected outside the Porta Trigemina, which was surrounded 
by colonnades and served for the sale of the goods that arrived on the 
Tiber, and another between the cattle and vegetable markets which served 
as a market for fish and other provisions. The Horuwm Julium, built by 
Julius Cesar, was much more important. It was built with the booty of 
the Gallic war, and about three millions of dollars were expended for the 
acquisition of private property alone to gain the necessary space. It contained, 
among other buildings, the above mentioned temple of Venus Genetrix 
and the Basilica Julia, uncompleted. Of the Forum Romanum as 
it is at present we have given a perspective view (pl. 14, jig. 1), 
which shows how few traces are left of its former splendor. The Forum 
is now called the Campo Vaccino, or cattle field. Of the objects which 
stand there the most important are: *, The Triumphal Arch of 
Septimius Severus; *, The Church of St. Adrian; *, The Temple of Anto- 
ninus and Faustina (now the Church of St. Lorenzo); the Via Sacra, or Sacred 
63 
