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64 ARCHITECTURE. 
Way, is the centre of our view; *, The Temple of Remus; °, The Temple of 
Peace; *, The Church of Santa Francesca; ’, The Temple of Venus and 
Rome; *, The Coliseum; °, The Triumphal Arch of Constantine; *°, Tri- 
umphal Arch of Titus; ", The Farnesian Gardens; “, Santa Maria, the 
Liberator, and opposite, the Temple of Castor and Pollux; “, Temple of 
Jupiter Stator; “, The Curia; *, Temple of Romulus; “, Temple of 
Fortune; ", Temple of Jupiter Tonans; “, The Column of Phocas; 
*, Temple of Concord. We shall hereafter have an opportunity of speak- 
ing of most of these buildings. 
United with the Forum was the Curia, where the Senate assembled. 
Upon the Roman Forum there was also one (pl. 14, jig. 1“) originating with 
Tullus Hostilius, and hence called Curia Hostilia. This curia was rebuilt by 
Sylla, but was burnt some years afterwards by the populace. M. Aimilius 
Lepidus demolished another building on the same spot, also bearing the name 
of Sylla, and Julius Cesar built upon its site the Curia Julia, which, how- 
ever, Augustus completed and adorned with fine works of art. Pompey 
built another curia outside the city and near his theatre; and it was here 
that the Senate met on the day that Cesar was murdered and fell at the 
very feet of Pompey’s statue. 
According to Vitruvius, the Basilicas should also be placed upon the 
market-place. They served partly as courts of justice, partly as exchanges 
for merchants. The style of arrangement the Romans took from the Greeks. 
In Athens the building in which the archon sat in judgment, under the 
name of basileus or king, was called the stoa of the basileus, or briefly Ba- 
silica; hence the name. M. Porcius Cato was the first, who, 183 years 
B.c., began such a building. This Basilica Porcia lay near the ecuria of the 
great Forum, was burned with it 52 years B.o., and was never rebuilt. 
Fulvius Nobilior built the Basilica Fulvia, by the stalls of the money- 
changers, on whose site a much more magnificent building was afterwards 
erected. Besides these, there were also in Rome the Basilica Sempronia, 
built by Tiberius Sempronius, to make room for which the dwelling-house 
of Scipio Africanus was demolished ; the Basilica Opimia, Basilica Amilia, 
then the Regia, which Pompey built near his theatre. The finest, however, 
was the Basilica Pauli, which Atmilius Paulus erected upon the site of the 
Basilica Fulvia, with columns of Phrygian marble. 
The basilicas claim our especial attention, because from them was derived 
the form of the Christian church. Thus the Basilica Fulvia or Pauli is now 
the church of St. Porcia, and the basilica of Sempronius is the church of 
St. George in Velabrum. The Roman basilicas formed a quadrangle, whose 
breadth was not more than the half, and not less than a third of the length, 
if the situation permitted. At the end of the length of the building, addi- 
tions (calcidica) were built, in which were chambers where refreshments 
were served. Generally, the basilica stood upon the south side of the forum. 
The basilicas were distinguished from the hypethral temples in this, that 
they had no exterior columns, but a covered vestibule in front, in the back 
of which shafts or pillars were placed. In the interior of such a building 
were two or four rows of columns, and in the rear an elevation or tribunal, 
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