ARCHITECTURE. 67 
two such arches, with gilded statues, from the Spanish spoils, one upon the 
Forum Boarium, the other near the great circus. Six years afterwards, Scipio 
Africanus the elder built a similar one upon the Capitol; and Fabius Maxi- 
mus, after his victory over the Allobrogi, the Fabian arch on the Via Sacra, 
near the old Regia. More frequent and more magnificent were these arches 
under the emperors, and under the head of the Empire we shall return to 
this subject. 
Ancient as is the custom of sepulchral monuments, we shall here mention 
only the tomb of the Horatii, pl. 17, fig. 23°, plan; fig. 23°, elevation. 
This tomb is situated near Albano, and is called the Tomb of the Horatii 
and Curiatii, although some antiquarians reject the tradition, as it does not 
strictly harmonize with the historical descriptions, exhibiting truncated cones 
instead of pyramids. ‘They refer the tomb to the last days of the republic. 
By this time, however, the use of splendid tombs was very common. 
They were erected upon all the great highways; yet very few remain 
except those at Pompeii. To these belongs the tomb of Scipio, which was 
situated upon the Appian Way by the Porta Capena; later, however, under 
Aurelius, it was included within the circuit of the city walls. In the year 
1782, the subterranean portion was again disinterred. It seems to differ very 
little from that of the catacombs, of which we have given a description and 
a drawing in the historical part of this work. (See plates, Division IV., pl. 
19, fg. 11.) The most important relic found in it was the sarcophagus of 
Scipio Barbatus, who was consul in the year 297 B.c. Upon this sarcopha- 
gus the oldest specimen of the Doric and Ionic order that we have in Rome 
is grayed in relief. The most sumptuous, and in the important parts the 
best preserved tomb of this time, is that of Cecilia Metella, the wife of Cras- 
sus. Itis situated on the Appian Way, and consists of a round tower, which 
is built upon a square substructure. The mass of the tower consists of 
little square quarry stones, and externally it is neatly covered with huge 
ashlers of travertine. Round the upper part runs a simple cornice mould- 
ing, and underneath a frieze, adorned with heads of bulls and clusters 
of fruit. Under that is the tablet with the inscription. An arched 
entrance opens into the interior, which is contracted conically and arched 
flatly, and contained a sarcophagus, which is now in the Farnese 
palace. 
5. Briers. The Romans, as we have already mentioned, were very 
good hydraulic architects, and their bridges, which have descended to our 
time, are remarkable not alone for their tasteful design and their fine style, 
but for the quality of the material and their careful and exemplary finish in 
the slightest details. We had already, in the description of the island of the 
Tiber and the temple of A¢sculapius, opportunity of mentioning the two 
bridges of Fabricius and Cestius, and gave there (pl. 17, jigs. 9-13) de- 
tailed drawings of them. To these we now add the bridge of Amilius (pi. 
17, jig. 14), at present known as the Ponte Molle. This bridge was also 
called Pons Sublicius, Pons Herculis, Pons Lepidi, Pons Sacer, and was 
the oldest originally wooden bridge of Rome, founded by Ancus Marcius, in 
the year 638 B.c. It led from the Aventine into the valley below the Janicu- 
67 
