ARCHITECTURE. 75 
Further down the Danube two triumphal arches were erected in honor of 
Tiberius, remains of one of which exist at St. Petronell in lower Austria 
At Pola in Istria there are, among other remains of which we shall hereafter 
speak, those of a temple, of which pl. 16, fig. 25, gives the ground plan. 
It was a prostylos of the Corinthian order with plain columns, and, accord- 
ing to the inscription upon the architrave, dedicated to the goddess Roma, 
and to Augustus. The columns are 2 feet, 7} inches diameter, and 27 feet, 5 
inches high. 
2. Trsertus. As long as Augustus lived and Livia had some influence 
upon the dark mind of her son, he did not show himself indifferent to the 
higher aims of art. As ruler, however, he completed no fine building in 
Rome; and the single one which he undertook, the Temple of Augustus, he 
left uncompleted during his reign of 25 years, so that it was only first 
dedicated under Caligula. On the other hand he completed many restora- 
tions commenced by Augustus, or of buildings which had been burned. 
In the year 23 3. c., Tiberius, at the instigation of Sejanus, caused the 
Pretorian Camp to be built for the Body Guard, which measure, by the 
tumultuous spirit of the Pretorians inclining them constantly to revolt, 
proved dangerous to the Emperors. There exist some remains of this 
structure which Consfantine destroyed. Among the buildings outside Rome 
we mention only the unfortunate theatre at Fideneenear Rome. The archi- 
tect Attilins, a freedman, had undertaken to build a wooden theatre in 
which spectacles should be exhibited for money. The Theatre fell during a 
representation, and injured 30,000 men, of whom, according to Suetonius, 
20,000 died. 
3. CaziguLta. The reign of this emperor was very short, but much too 
long for the happiness of mankind. Little was accomplished in building, 
for the extravagant plans of the emperor were left half finished. Under 
him, however, the temple of Augustus, commenced by Tiberius in Rome, 
was completed, and the restoration of the theatre of Pompey. The Palatine 
house, the usual residence of the emperors, was extended to the great 
Forum, so that the temple of Castor and Pollux formed the vestibule. 
Pi. 11, fig. 7, gives the general view, jig. 8, the ground plan of this temple. 
It was of the Corinthian order, and had 8 granite columns in front and 13 
on the sides. The arrangement of the portico and of the pronaos is peculiar. 
In this temple, placing himself between the heavenly twins, the emperor 
received divine honors as Jupiter Latiaris. He built an especial temple to 
his own divinity, in which stood his statue, which was daily clothed as the 
emperor was dressed that day. 
He commenced also a great aqueduct, which was afterwards com- 
‘ pleted by Claudius. The building of an amphitheatre upon the Campus 
Martius was soon relinquished. He began to build a circus upon 
the Vatican. He proposed to restore the temple of Apollo Didymeus 
at Miletus, and to cut through the isthmus of Corinth; but these 
plans were no more realized than that of building a city upon the highest 
pass of the Alps. 
4. Cravptus. The buildings of this emperor are more distinguished for their 
75 
