ARCHITECTURE. 81 
thence the staircase led to the upper part of the building. The temple has 
an opisthodomos in the interior, and two wings with paintings. 
The chapel of Mercury (jig. 29) forms no rectangle, as the street runs 
slantingly against the long side, and the short sides are parallel with the 
street. The temple itself has a fore-court inclosed by walls adorned with 
pilasters and a colonnade in front, and is a Corinthian prostylos with four 
columns, standing upon a high substructure accessible from the rear. In 
the court stands a large sacrificial altar. The columns of all the temples 
hitherto mentioned are fluted and very tastefully adorned. 
To this brief survey of the ancient buildings in Pompeii, we add some 
general remarks upon the style there prevalent. In technical architecture 
there is little worthy of note. The walls, even of the largest buildings, are 
mostly of quarry stone, seldom of brick, and scarcely at all of freestone. 
Often the columns are of mason work, sometimes of great blocks of limestone, 
which is quarried in the neighborhood, and sometimes of marble, which is, 
however, oftener used for doorframes, thresholds, facing of the walls and 
floors. The rough cast is very carefully made and smoothed. The walls are 
mostly painted. The roofs are generally beam: arches rarely occur. There 
are not many specimens of the more elaborate style of architecture; the 
buildings are generally simple. Excepting the temples the columns are 
almost all Doric or Tuscan. The only ornaments that occur are parts of the 
marble pilasters carved with winding plants and insects of remarkable 
execution. 
We return to Rome and to the works of the successor of Titus. 
8. Domitian. This unworthy brother of Titus busied himself a great deal 
with building, and restored almost all the buildings that had suffered by the 
fire under Titus. Among these was the temple of the Capitoline gods. 
This temple, which Domitian erected with great magnificence, was based 
upon a quadrangular substructure of freestone, with truncated corners, upon 
the Capitoline hill, and this octagonal platform (pl. 15, jig. 7) is surrounded 
by a high wall, on the inside of which statues and columns were erected. 
Towards the south was a Corinthian portico of eight columns in two rows, 
closed behind by four great pillars, forming three passages, and to which was 
joined in the interior of the vestibule a back portico of four smooth Corinthian 
columns. Near the steps of the platform were two smaller temples, the 
object of which is unknown. Upon the platform itself, arose, upon an 
elevation of three steps, the temple of the Capitoline divinities, of a peculiar 
arrangement. It was properly an immense hall of columns with a back 
wall, and under the roof of this hall lay, towards the rear, the temples of 
Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva, which had walls in common, and of which the 
temple of Jupiter Capitolinus was the middle one (jig.6). The hall had six 
Corinthian columns of Pentelican marble, which were brought, already 
sculptured, from Athens. They were very beautifully proportioned, but it 
had been forgotten that, owing to the unusual columnar distances of the 
Capitoline (84, 5, and 7 diameters) the columns should have been larger, 
so that when they were erected they seemed scant. The hall had in front 
three rows of columns, one behind the other, which corresponded in columnar 
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