82 ARCHITECTURE. 
distances with the temples lying behind. Then came a fourth row in the 
line of the ante of Jupiter’s temple, a fifth in that of the antee of the temples 
of Juno and Minerva, and on each side another column, and finally the 
corner pillars of the rear wall. 
The temple of Jupiter had, inside, double tiers of columns, twelve below 
and six above, or a hypeethral order. Along the side walls were, on the 
outside, auxiliary altars; and upon the platform, on the outside of the hall, 
several pedestals with groups of sculptures and two little temples or chapels, 
the one four-sided, the other round. How great the splendor of this structure — 
must have been may be surmised from the fact that the gilding alone cost 
more than 12,000 Attic talents (about twenty millions of dollars), as 
Plutarch, se ee and Martial assure us. 
be this, Baaiien built a Stadium, an Odeon, and a Naumachia, for 
which a lake was formed from the Tiber and circularly walled. We have 
treated this building among the Naval Sciences, and have given a repre- 
sentation of it in Plates, Division VI. pl. 2, fig. 12. Domitian also enlarged 
the temple of Jupiter, built by Livia, the wife of Augustus, in Forli, or the old 
Forum Livii on the Amilian way, of which we have given the ground plan 
in pl. 15, fig. 15, and which forms a Corinthian amphiprostylos peripteros, 
with six columns in front and 11 at the sides, entirely in the old Greek style. 
To the great works of Domitian belongs the plan of a great Forum with 
the temple of Minervaand alittle temple of Janus. This forum was finished, 
however, by his successor, Nerva, and is thence called from him. It is known 
also, however, as the Forum of Domitian; or, from the temple of Minerva, 
Forum Palladium; or, because it was a thoroughfare, Forum Transitorium 
or Pervium. Pl. 13, fig. 17, gives the ground plan, and jig. 16 the lateral 
section with a view of the temple of Minerva. The Forum was protected 
upon both sides with a wall crowned with an attic and adorned with 
Corinthian columns. The front side forms a fivefold passage which, on the 
inside, has.a portico with four columns. 
The rear side includes the temple of Minerva, and thesis were arched 
gateways upon both sides. There are still remains a the walls and columns, 
and also of the reliefs of the attic, in which Minerva was represented instruct- 
ing virgins in female tasks. The temple of Minerva was a beautiful Corin- 
thian prostylos with six white marble columns in front; the cella, behind, 
was semicircularly closed, and on the long side-walls there were columns 
with a richly ornamented frieze. The little temple of Janus was a singular 
building, of which the form may yet be seen in the middle of the Forum. 
It was completely quadrate, and had on each side four high Corinthian 
columns whose middle distances were, however, much wider than those 
on the sides. These twelve columns supported a rich entablature, with 
an attic which formed a platform upon which stood a bust of Janus 
with four heads. This entire structure, however, was only a canopy 
over the temple proper, which was inclosed in walls only half as high 
as the eight columns between which they stood. These walls sup- 
ported a cornice and attic, which again formed a platform under the 
before-mentioned canopy. On each side between the middle columns 
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