86 ARCHITECTURE. 
Trajan did much also for hydraulic architecture, by enriching the already 
noble system of aqueducts. He built two harbors upon the Italian shore; 
the one was at Ancona, upon the Adriatic sea, where the marble arch upon 
the harbor dam still exists. /%g. 18*, is the general view of it; jig. 18°, the 
ground plan. 
This arch, whether viewed as a whole or in detail, is very beautiful, 
although the shoulder-pieces of the cornice and of the attic are not in the best 
style. The two keystones of the arch joined by a female head, are very fine. 
11. Haprian. The activity in art of Trajan’s successor, Hadrian, 
surpassed all previous efforts. Building in the provinces was prosecuted 
with no less zeal than in the capital. Hadrian was not only a friend of art, 
but he pursued its practice with almost more passion than became a prince. 
He drew, like King Louis I. of Bavaria, the plans of buildings, which he 
had executed, and was much displeased if the architects found fault with 
them. This was the case with the double temple of Venus at Rome, and 
which the emperor had sketched and laid the drawing before Apollodorus. 
When this artist saw that the sitting figures were so large in proportion to the 
little temple that they could not stand up, and ventured to say so, Hadrian 
caused him to be executed, as Dio Cassius relates. This double temple of 
Venus and Rome was one of the most important, not only of those which 
Hadrian undertook, but of all which adorned the city. PU. 16, fig. 1, gives 
the section through the colonnade with the view of the temple; jig. 2, 
the longitudinal section; jig. 3, the ground plan of the whole; jig. 4, shows 
a fragment from the left corner of the gable of the portico; and jigs.5 and 6 
are views of the temple upon Roman coins. 
The most recent excavations, under the auspices of the: papal govern- 
ment, show that the two temples were surrounded by columns, which 
were to the number of twenty on the long side, of a fine Corinthian 
style, and on the short side ten, from which the temple would appear 
to have been a pseudodipteros decastylos. The temple itself was also 
surrounded by a court, inclosed with colonnades, and the whole rested 
upon massive substructures, higher towards the amphitheatre than 
towards the forum where the ground lay higher. The columns around 
the temple were of white marble, and the brickwork of the walls was 
faced with the same. The colonnade of the peribolus was of grey granite, 
with ceilings of gilded brass, which Pope Honorius J. removed to roof 
St. Peter’s. The arrangement of the double cella of this temple appears 
so clearly from the ground plan and sections that we shall not here 
further enlarge upon it. 
Hadrian, by the architect Decrianus, removed the Neronian sun-colossus 
to another spot, and effected it by twenty-four elephants drawing it in an 
upright posture. The emperor also built an athenzeum in which orators and 
poets might exercise themselves in Latin and Greek, and speak in 
public. 
One of Hadrian’s great buildings was his Mausoleum on the right bank 
of the Tiber, now called the castle of St. Angelo. Pl. 18, jig. 1, is the 
general view of this building as it originally appeared, although all its 
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