ARCHITECTURE. 87 
ornaments and even the marble slabs that faced the foundation have 
disappeared, since the building was made a fortress. 72g. 2 is a 
horizontal section above the foundation; jig. 3, a similar one through the 
lower part of the circular superstructure; jig. 4 through the first columnar 
superstructure, and jig. 5 through the second; jigs. 6 and 7, are vertical 
sections of the building itself, which is connected with the bridge of St. 
Angelo. 
The lower part of this Mausoleum formed a square of which the sides 
were 250 feet long and 572 feet high. Upon this stands a round structure 
whose diameter is 2012 feet. The columns were 32 feet, 5 inches high, the 
entablature 82 feet, and upon this second part stood a third circular building 
of less diameter. Under the covered colonnade, in the intercolumniations, 
bronze and marble statues were placed. History relates that Belisarius, 
besieged in this place by the Gauls (and it is still the citadel of Rome), 
threw many of these statues down upon the enemy. A flower crowned the 
apex of the monument. Others assert that the statue of Hadrian in a 
chariot with four horses abreast. stood there. The flower, or rather the cone 
of fir, is eleven feet high, and still exists, standing in a niche of the Vati- 
can fronting the garden. Twenty-four fluted Corinthian columns, which 
belonged to the first perizonium, were, in Constantine’s time, when the 
building began to decay, taken away and built into the church of San Paolo 
fuori le mure. The places for the sarcophagus and the funeral urns of the 
deceased of the imperial family, were partly in the vault of the square 
substructure, partly in the great hall that occupies the middle part of the 
building. A staircase in the wall of the tower led to the upper platform 
of the monument, upon which the roof was stretched in the form of a tent. 
Other authorities remove the roof and set upon the platform a little round 
temple of Hadrian, and say that the 24 columns in the Church of St. Paul 
formed the peripteros of the temple. There is one passage in Herodian 
which favors this idea, speaking of the urn of Septimius Severus which was 
placed in a temple upon the mausoleum of Hadrian, where reposed the 
remains of Marcus and other friends of Hadrian. 
Hadrian’s Villa Tiburtina (Tivoli) was thirty miles in circumference, and 
contained buildings for which the imperial recollections of travel supplied 
names, as the Lyceum, the Academy, the Prytaneum, the Poekile, the 
Canopus, &c. There was also a vale of Tempe, and a Hades. The ruins 
are constantly explored, and new antiquities brought to light. In the 
middle ages two huge limekilns stood here, that did nothing but convert the 
marble remains into lime. The walls, robbed of their facing, revealed the 
network (retzculatum) and brick-work very neatly executed, and many cast 
vaults made of little stones and lime. 
Hadrian’s architectural achievements in the provinces, and especially in 
Athens, were very great. The arch of honor yet standing shows their 
character. This had on one side the inscription, ‘‘ This is Athens, the old 
city of Theseus,” and on the other, “This is the city of Hadrian, and not 
of Theseus.” On this side of the arch lay that part of the city which 
Hadrian had adorned and almost rebuilt. We have already mentioned 
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