88 ARCHITECTURE. 
how entirely the emperor achieved his purpose, in our reference to the — 
restoration of the temples of the Olympian Jupiter by Cossutius, of that of 
Jupiter Panhellenius, and of Juno. Hadrian built also a great deal in Egypt, 
where he founded the town of Antinoe. 
12. Antoninus Pius. The peaceful aspect of affvae which distinguished 
the government of Hadrian continued through that of Antoninus, which was 
among the happiest reigns of the Roman saris The culminating period 
of art had been passed, but still it was a favorable season, and already 
when consul the emperor had erected several important buildings. One of ~ 
his first undertakings after becoming emperor was honoring his predecessor 
by the erection of a temple against the will of the senate, in the villa of 
Cicero at Puteoli, where Hadrian died. Then he restored the Grecostasis, 
where the foreign embassies were received, and the amphitheatre, and com- 
pleted the building of the mausoleum of Hadrian, and the restoration of the 
Pantheon, which had suffered by fire. The emperor had aspecial regard for 
AXsculapius, whose shrine of pilgrimage at Epidaurus he especially favored, 
and erected there baths, and a common sanctuary for Hygeia, A’sculapius, and 
the Egyptian Apollo, and a hospital and lying-in retreat for the inhabitants. 
He also restored the temple of Aisculapius upon the island of the Tiber (see 
page 61), and gave to the island itself that ship-form which it still retains 
in the circumference of its stone walls. 
There yet remains in Rome a monument, which according to the inscrip- 
tion was dedicated to the deified oe and his spouse Faustina, but 
which, we believe, was erected while he yet lived. Faustina died in the 
third year of her husband’s reign, and the senate built a temple to her, an 
honor which they accorded also to Antoninus upon his death. They erected, 
however, no separate temple, but they removed the ornaments from the 
frieze of the temple of Faustina, which bore upon the architrave the name 
of the empress, and replaced them with the name of Antoninus. Plate 11, 
jig. 9, gives the general view of this temple; jig. 10 is the ground plan, and 
pl. 11, figs. 11 and 12, are two Roman coins, upon which occur representations 
of the temple. The columns of the portico of this temple, which yet remain, 
are not fluted, and are built of green and mottled marble. The profiles 
upon this monument are beautiful, the execution careful, and the reduction 
of the columns is in a straight line. There were six columns in front and 
three on the sides. The foundation is 15 feet high, and has 21 steps; the 
columns are 4 feet, 6 inches in diameter, and 43 feet, 8; inches high. 
The monument itself is now mostly built into the church of San Lorenzo 
in Miranda, and was in the 7th century a Christian basilica. The walls 
were built of tufa, and were formerly faced with marble. 
13. Marcus Avretius, L. Verus, Commopus. The prolonged reign of 
Marcus Aurelius, a man remarkable in every respect, who took L. Verus 
as his colleague, offers little for remark in the history of architecture; 
either because his government was disturbed. by many misfortunes, or 
because the Stoic philosophy to which the emperor attached himself 
engrossed his attention to the detriment of art. He was not deficient in 
knowledge of the subject, for he was himself a painter. Aurelius and Verus 
88 

——— oe, eee 
