102 ARCHITECTURE. 
e, and a socle,d. The flutes, a, are separated by the ridges, b. Pl. 22, 
fig. 5, shows the entablature and the capital of the Jonic order, the latter 
from the front and side, and in half under view. /%7g. 4, gives the Ionie 
pedestal and base of the column. Under A is the impost with its cornice 
and the archivolt, which is 94 parts broad, and consists of a slab, cornice, 
and two stripes. PU. 23, jig. 4, shows the Ionic arch-arrangement, being 
34 modules span, to 10$ modules of clear columnar distance. 7g. 5, 
shows the same order with pedestals, where the span is eleven modules, 
by an intercolumniation of thirteen modules. All the measures are given — 
in the drawing. The Ionic capital allows various ornaments ; pl. 19, fig. 7, 
shows the simple capital of the Temple of Fortuna Virilis in Rome; jig. 8, 
represents an [onic capital from the villa Borghese, in which sphinxes 
are arranged as ornaments in a very peculiar manner. 
4, Tae Cortntoian OrpER. We have already aimed to show in the course 
of this treatise that the Corinthian order was no especial order among the 
Greeks, but that the Ionic entablature was placed upon capitals adorned in 
the Egyptian style; that the order was not invented in Rome, and that it 
is most probably of Phcenician origin. In pl. 21, fig. 7, we have the 
simple Corinthian arrangement of columns, whence it appears that the 
intercolumniation is 42 modules in the clear, while the column with base 
and capital has 20 modules, the shaft alone 163, and the base one. The 
entire order is 25 modules high, as here, too, Vignola has followed his 
principle of giving one fourth of the height of the column to the entabla- 
ture. In the Corinthian arches (pl. 23, jig. 6), the span is nine modules, 
and the columnar distance between the centres of the columns is twelve 
modules. The height of the impost is found by deducting from the height 
of the column half the span and 1 module from the archivolt. When the 
columns are placed on pedestals, the span is 12 modules, by a distance of 
16 modules, the breadth of the imposts being self-evident and their height 
as before. The entablature and capital with the upper part of the shafts 
of this order are given in pl. 22, fig. 7, with the requisite facilities for 
calculating the proportions. a is the under view of the corona with the 
modillions. /%g. 6 gives the Corinthian pedestal and base, with the upper 
view of half these parts ; at a is the impost cornice with the archivolt, show- 
ing its mouldings, which in this order are usually decorated very richly. 
The construction of the Corinthian capital we have endeavored to 
illustrate in p/. 21, fig. 6, where the right side gives the profile of the eup 
and leaves, whilst the left is a perspective view of the entire decoration. A 
is the under view of a diagonal half of the capital, exhibiting in the same 
manner the profile and perspective. The breadth of the ground plan is 
determined by a square whose diagonal — 4 modules. On the sides of the 
square construct equilateral triangles. The concavity of the abacus is then 
determined by the arch constructed from the apex of such a triangle with 
one of its sides for radius. The distribution of the leaves and other orna- 
ments is seen from the ground plan; their respective heights and curves are 
given in the scaie near the elevation ; and finally, the projection of the leaves 
and volutes, is determined by a straight line drawn from the astragal to 
102 
