ARCHITECTURE. 113 
greater, for there are those mentioned, not over 18 feet high, whose 
diameters are 90, 150, and even 220 feet. The oblong mound resembles the 
long in shape, and the long diameter is often three to five times greater 
than the short. There are rarely many of the oblong mounds in a line, but 
often an oblong one surrounded by several smaller round ones. The broad 
and oblong mounds are often galgals, and contain covered galleries leading 
to tomb-chambers. The little conical mounds were formerly very common 
in England, but have now mostly disappeared under the ploughshare, and 
they are, therefore, now only found in the uncultivated districts. Their 
diameter is rarely more than 30 feet, and they are often surrounded by a 
little ditch. ) 
The twin mounds consist of two mounds in close contact, and possibly 
inclosed two persons who had been intimate friends. The bell-shaped 
mounds are found in the neighborhood of Stonehenge, and are probably of 
more recent date than the others w+ have mentioned. The mounds, however, 
must not be confounded with the artificial hills, which were often thrown up 
to mark the position of boundaries or places of execution, and which were 
distinguished by being always flattened upon the summit. 
The mounds occur partly single, partly in groups. The former are the 
more common. To these belong, for instance, the mound of Salisbury in 
Wiltshire (pl. 24, jig.15). It is of great dimensions, and is considered to 
be the grave ofa king. Its circumference near the ground is 2300 feet, and 
its perpendicular height about 190 feet. The great number of mounds 
which surround it at. some distance, are supposed to be the graves of 
important persons buried in the vicinity of the king. The largest mound 
in France is in the neighborhood of Sarzeau (Morbihan), near the sea, and 
is known under the name of Butte de Tumiac. It is about 100 feet high, 
and 400 feet in circumference; it is entirely overgrown with shrubbery, 
and serves the mariners as a landmark, as it can be discerned far at sea. 
Near Locmariaquer there is an oblong stone mound. The MontSt. Michel, 
too, near Carnac (Morbihan) is nothing but a mound erected upona platean, 
upon whose summit a chapel is built, dedicated to the archangel. 
Near Pornic, in the department of the Lower Loire, there are several 
mounds situated in the middle of a plain. One of them has on the north- 
east side an opening leading to two low galleries of from 2 to 4% feet in 
width, by a height of about 5 feet. Their length has not yet been traced 
beyond 7 feet. The diameter of the mound itself, which is a galgal of quartz 
and calcareous slate, is 75 to 80 feet. Of the other mounds, one has been 
entirely dug through, and is therefore the most interesting of the group. 
In it are likewise found the entrances of two galleries (jig. 16) consisting of 
large rough stones, and forming several spacious halls in the interior of the 
mound. 
In digging up a mound near Fontenay le Marmion, the galleries were 
found closed above with quarried stones, but the rooms in the interior 
empty. After digging through a layer of clay, however, which formed the 
floor, a mass of human bones was discovered, some of which showed traces 
of fire, whilst others were entirely uninjured. There were found ten 
1CONOGRAPHIC ENCYCLOPADIA.—VOL, Iv. 8 113 
