ARCHITECTURE. 121 
Among the oldest architectural remains of Mexico are the two pyramids 
of Teotihuacan (fig. 8) and of Tuzapan (fig. 6). In the neighborhood 
of these were twenty other such temples, of which but few traces are 
left. The former is erected on a quadrangular artificial rock with flights 
of stairs on all sides Jeading to the Cyclopean substructure of twelve 
steps which supported the temple proper. In the latter was found an 
idol of bronze; another of a large emerald, representing the god of war 
of the aborigines; and an image of the sun wrought of gold with rays of 
mother of pearl, with its mouth open and set with human teeth. On the 
platform were found several other idols made partly of jasper or porphyry, 
in part of wood, plaster, or colored stones. The second temple (jig. 6) was 
larger and higher than the former, and its pyramid constructed with great 
regularity of blocks of freestone. It was approached by only one flight of 
stairs remarkable for having distinct cheeks. In the sanctuary of this 
temple, which had an elaborate front, Don Martin d’ Urfua found, in the 
year 1697, a bag suspended from a rope and containing bones. On his 
inquiry about them he was told that these were the bones of the favorite 
horse of Cortez, who, when returning to Mexico, after receiving the oath of 
allegiance of the inhabitants, had left his sick favorite to the care of the 
king of the tribe. The horse died, and the Indians, who feared that on the 
return of Cortez they would be held responsible for this calamity, made the 
bones of the horse the object of religious worship. 
Another temple was dedicated to the king and his descendants, and 
its pyramid served as a burial-place for the latter. There were other 
temples, one of which belonged to the priests, the others to private 
individuals. 
A description of the palace of Utatlan will give an idea of the arrange- 
ment of the royal residences as found by the Spaniards in Guatemala. It 
betrays a degree of civilization which would be incredible but for the 
unanimous testimony of eye-witnesses. The city of Utatlan lay on a platean, 
whose declivities formed a natural ditch around the whole of its precincts, 
and it was only accessible by two narrow ways. In the centre of the city 
was the residence of the king surrounded by the palaces of the great. The 
number of inhabitants was so considerable that the king could oppose 72,000 
warriors to the Spaniards. Among the edifices of the city, the seminary 
was remarkable, in which 6000 youths were lodged, clothed, and educated 
at the expense of the state by sixty teachers appointed for the purpose. 
The city was defended by two large royal castles capable of accommodating 
large garrisons, and by the residential palace, which was more magnificent 
than the one of Montezuma in Tenochtitlan, and that of the Inca of Cuzco. 
Its front lay due east and west, and was 376 steps in length, whilst both sides 
had 728 steps in depth. It was built of stones of various colors, and exhibited 
beautiful proportions. The interior was divided into seven subdivisions. The 
first was occupied by the body-guards of the king, consisting of archers and 
lancers. The second afforded residences to the princes and relatives of the 
king, who were there sumptuously provided for as long as they remained 
unmarried. The third division was the residence of the king himself, which 
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