164 ARCHITECTURE. 
mere stone-cutter, whilst Albertus Magnus is known to have been the 
designer of the magnificent cathedral in Ratisbon. Archbishop Conrad 
died in 1261, and the city of Cologne was under the curse of the papal 
anathema as a number of years. The construction was therefore inter- 
rupted until 1305, when it was taken up again. In 1320 the choir was 
consecrated for church service. Since then down to 1824 very little has 
been done to the edifice, which thus has been exposed for five hundred 
years in an unfinished state to the inclemency of a wet climate. As it 
stands now, it might be completed in a comparatively short space of time, 
if there were unity of action and a wise concentration of means; but the 
political state of Germany, weakened as it is both in moral and material 
strength, leaves very little room for hope that more will be done hereafter 
than has been done for the last twenty years; and, although the pious 
spirit in which the work is conducted commands the most unqualified 
appreciation, the rate of progress excludes all belief of its ever being 
brought to an end. 
In the arrangement of the ground plan the number of sEvEN seems to 
have constituted the leading idea. Seven columns line each side of the 
main and side entrances. Seven pedestals for statues are on either side of 
the fore-hall. The southern tower has fourteen corner canopies. Seven 
pairs of columns on either side separate the fine aisle of the church to the 
foot of the high choir. The latter contains also seven pairs of columns, and 
is surrounded by seven chapels. The entire church has jifty-siw free 
columns and twenty-eight pilasters. All the dimensions are also resolvable 
by the number of seven. The height in the clear of the high choir is 161 
feet, equal to that of the width of the church. The western portal is 231 
feet wide, equal to the projected height of the gable. The projected height 
of the spire is 532 feet, equal to the entire length of the church, including 
the buttresses and the fliers. The height of the side aisles in the clear is 
70 feet; the width of the cross-arms, which have three aisles, 105 feet ; the 
depth a the fore-hall 56 feet, &c. It would probably be easy to trace the 
combination of seven into a most minute details of the ornaments. These 
are arranged in the purest taste, and executed with surpassing skill. We 
have copied a number of them on pl. 41; jigs. 1-4 are capitals from the 
columns placed in front of the principal pillars; jig. 5, a capital from a 
pilaster ; jigs. 6-8, ornaments from different galleries; jigs. 9, 10, medal- 
lions from keystones of vaults; jigs. 11, 12, water-spouts. The walls of the 
side aisles are 4 feet 8 inches thick, and reinforced by buttresses of 11 feet pro- 
jection by 8 feet breadth. According to the plans, double ascending arches 
are to be sprung from these buttresses to the higher walls of the main nave, 
which are to be erected on the pointed arches connecting the main pillars 
lining the nave. The entire church covers an area of 69,000 square feet. 
In size it is the ninth Christian church. It is to St. Peter’s in Rome as 
1: 2.866. Its foundations are more than 40 feet deep. At present, about 
one third of the masonry is completed, if we include the projected spires in 
the calculation. 
4. Sr. SrepHen’s Caurcn ty Vienna. The first Duke of Austria, Henry 
164 
