ARCHITECTURE. 169 
From the exterior buttresses, ending in tasteful pyramids, ascending arches 
are sprung to the buttresses of the main aisle, the prolongation of the 
clustered columns of the interior. These buttresses rise with their rich 
pyramids above half the height of the roof. Galleries extend around the 
roof. 
In Rouen the Gospel was first preached in the year 260, by the English 
missionary, Melon, and in 270 a church was erected upon the site of the 
present cathedral. It was renewed in the year 400 and beautified in the 
middle of the 7th century by the Bishop St. Ouen, but was destroyed by the 
Normans. When their Duke, however, was baptized he rebuilt the church, 
which the son of the third Duke, Robert, Archbishop of Rouen, enlarged. 
The side aisles were added in 1050 and completed in 1063. Inthe year 1200, 
when Rouen was destroyed by fire, the church also suffered, and only the 
under part of the walls remained standing, upon which the present church 
was erected in the pointed-arch style. The western front was commenced 
in the 13th century. The architect of the three portals was a German, 
Ingeram, who also enlarged the eastern chapel, and in 1280 erected the 
perforated gable over the portals. The northern portal was completed in 
1478, and three years afterwards the court before it, which exhibits much 
of the Arabian form. The upper part of the northern tower was built in 
1468--77, the southern 1496-1507. 
11. Tue Carueprat or Mrian. No building indicates more clearly than 
the Milan cathedral the position occupied in Italy by the Germans during 
the middle ages. The sketch was made by Henry Arter of Gemiind, who 
had gone to Bologna and was there called Enrico da Gamondia. His son, 
Peter Arter, under the name of Pietro da Bologna, directed the building 
of St. Vitus’s church in Prague, and his father sketched the plan for the 
Minster in Ulm. Upon the site of the present Milan cathedral stood a 
splendid church, with a bell tower 448 feet high, which Frederick I. caused 
to be destroyed. In 1386 the corner-stone of a new church was laid under 
Galeazzo Visconti; but it was too small, and in place of it, in 1391, the 
building was commenced from the sketch of Henry of Gemiind. When 
Henry returned to Germany, Italians were elected architects; but as the 
work reached the dome and the pyramids, the Italians were again at fault, 
and Duke Galeazzo Maria Sforza wrote in 1486 to the building guild of 
Strasburg for a German architect. Hans Niesenberger, of Gratz, who since 
1471 had superintended the building of the Freyburg Minster, went to 
Milan, accompanied by his son John and German workmen. He appeared 
there under the name of Grovanni da Gratz, Ingenere di Allemania. He 
arranged matters there and returned to Germany, while Francesco di 
Giorgia da Siena, Antonio Omodeo, and Jacopo Dalzebono undertook the 
execution of the German design. Besides those already mentioned, the 
following Germans had assisted in the work: John Anex von Fernach, 
Ulrich von Frisingen from Ulm, and Jacob Cova from Bruges. The cathe 
dral itself was only gradually completed, and after a great number of archi- 
tects had worked upon it, the point upon the pyramid over the dome was 
finally placed by Francesco Croce in 1762-72. On the 16th of August, 
169 
