ARCHITECTURE. 171 
The cathedral has a crypt, which is 45 feet in diameter and 15 feet high, 
and is lighted from the church through openings in the vault. 
12. Tae Cuvurcu or Sr. Cyriacus my Ancona. As a specimen of this 
period, even if not of the purely pointed-arch style, we must mention the 
church of St. Cyriacus in Ancona, of which pl. 46, jig. 21, gives the ground 
plan, and jig. 22 the section. This church was commenced in the 11th 
century, and the ground plan forms a Grecian cross whose whole length is 
155 feet, but the length of the transept extends, on account of the two 
apsides, to 182 feet. The central nave is 22 feet 6 inches wide, and 45 
feet high; the whole church is 59 feet broad, but the transept only 
57 feet. The height of the dome is 78 feet. The building itself is of 
the Byzantine style, and was completed about the year 1290 by Mar- 
chiano, a pupil of Arnolfo da Lapo. Many of the interior columns 
have antique Ionic capitals as pedestals, and their own capitals are of 
a meagre Corinthian style. Under both apsides there are little crypts. 
The points between the ribs of the dome are very peculiar, containing small 
arcades. 
13. Tae Cuurce or THE Convent or St. Simon in Patermo. The capital 
of Sicily is rich in remarkable monuments of the middle ages, which, 
almost without exception, offer a peculiar blending of the Moorish with the 
German pointed-arch styles. From this fact some have ascribed the origin 
of the German style to the Moorish, but certainly very incorrectly, as all 
the buildings which show this mixed style date from the 14th and 15th 
centuries, and are consequently of much later date than the origin of the 
German style in Saxony. The blending of the two styles is perceptible, 
especially in the ornaments, many of which, as for example the Palatinal 
Chapel (built in the 15th century), are copied from the highly characteristic 
ornaments of Alhambra in Granada. On the other hand, it is shown in 
the overtopped pointed arches, which are not set upon clustered columns, 
but upon slender pillars whose capitals are rather projecting, whilst the 
vaults themselves are dome-shaped, rarely cross-vaults. 
The arches, as well as the vaults, are rich with glowing paintings, often 
upon a gold ground, as are found also in Alhambra. The walls also are 
richly ornamented with stucco. In illustration we present an interior view 
of the church of St. Simon in Palermo (pl. 41, jig. 16). This church was 
built in the year 1449, and is distinguished by the beauty of its marble 
columns and the richness of its paintings. 
14. Tue Carueprat or Burcos. This cathedral, of which pl. 38, fig. 22, 
represents the western view, is distinguished by its construction and the 
history of its erection. It was built by Ferdinand IIL, consequently in the 
first half of the 13th century, on the site of a mosque erected by Abdor- 
haman in 1014. Its length is 800 feet, and that of the transepts 212 feet. 
It is entirely in the German style, and divided into three aisles, the 
main aisle being supported by ascending arches, sprung from the side 
buttresses. The cross-arms have portals with large, finely ornamented 
rosettes, over which stands a gallery, between two buttresses crowned with 
pyramidal pillars. Upon the intersection of the transept with the nave 
171 
