ARCHITECTURE. 183 
paved with colored marble after designs by San Gallo, Michael Angelo, and 
Baccio d’ Agnolo. The western facade was formerly in the Byzantine 
style and ornamented with twenty-four statues; but Benedetto Ugaccioni, 
the overseer of the church, had the madness, in 1586, to employ the lower 
classes during the famine in tearing it down. Later a new facade was 
commenced by Salvani, but it was so bad that what was finished was taken 
down, and finally a tasteless painted front in the corrupt Italian style was 
introduced, which still exists, bearing witness to the disgrace of the time 
and disfiguring the beautiful church. 
2. Saw Anprea In Mantua. This church was designed by Leo Battista 
Alberti, born in Florence in the year 1398, whose best work is the palace 
Rucellai in Florence, and its erection commenced in the year of his death, 
1572. It is not yet entirely completed. Pl. 50, jig. 9, shows its ground 
plan. It forms a Latin cross and has a dome over the intersection of the 
nave and transept. In the main building, which is covered with a casetted 
cylindrical vault, the pilasters which support the cornice are apparently 
coupled, so that instead of side aisles, larger and smaller side chapels are 
formed. The choir-termination is formed by two intersecting semicircles. 
There is a crypt added in modern times by the architect Salucci, and whose 
flat vaults rest upon 8 columns. The present, but still unfinished, fagade 
is by Juvara. It lacks yet the vestibule and one tower, only one being com- 
pleted. 
3. Tae Crock Tower in Venice. The place of St. Mark in Venice is 
surrounded, as are few places in the world, with a great number of beautiful 
and time-hallowed buildings, almost all of historical interest. To these 
belongs the clock tower (Zorre del orologio), which stands in immediate 
contact with the palace of the procurators. The middle part, which was 
built in 1496 by Pietro Lombardo, is 92 feet high; the wings were added 
in 1500 by Carlo Rainaldi of Reggio, and are 75 feet high. In the third story 
is the great clock of Venice, the lower story is occupied by stores, and the 
rest of the building by dwellings. In the lower story the facade consists 
of a large arch and several pilasters, next which stand little Corinthian 
columns upon high pedestals. 
4. Tur Bett Tower or Paterno is of a similar plan, but smaller. It 
was built almost at the same time. Pl. 48, fig. 12, gives the view. The 
middle part, with many openings, gives the otherwise well designed facade 
a certain heaviness ; and the singularly formed dome, with its far projecting 
balusters unpleasantly dividing it, makes a peculiar impression. 
5. Tar Bert Tower 1n Rome, near the Basilica St. Maria in Cosmedino, 
was built in the 12th century, upon the remains of a temple of Ceres and 
Proserpine. PJ. 53, jig. 12, gives the view, jig. 13 the section, of this 
tower. It is about 120 feet high and only 15 feet square. The lower part, 
about 32 feet high, is without opening, and there are two Corinthian columns 
within its walls from the old temple of Ceres (fig. 13). This substructure 
supports 7 stories, the two lowest of which have 2 and the upper 3 arched 
windows. ‘The three lowest stories have pillars of brick-work, the upper 
little columns of marble, with handsome marble capitals. The exterior is 
183 
