‘ARCHITECTURE. 201 
-of the Greek ritual, according to which the high altar must be placed in 
the east and the church doors in the west. The interior is roofed with 
cassetted cylindrical vaults, which rest upon pillars decorated with columns 
and pilasters. The columns of the sanctuary are partly of jasper, partly of 
porphyry. Over the middle of the church is a dome 87 feet 4 inches in 
diameter, and whose height is 275 feet, and with the lantern, 327 feet from 
the church floor. The drum is surrounded by a superb Corinthian peri- 
style, whose entablature supports an attic with a balustrade, upon whose 
cubes stand statues of angels. The acroteria are also adorned with statues. 
‘Four small belfries covered with domes, on the corners of the middle 
building, injure the otherwise fine effect of this beautiful edifice. 
-9, Oastirs AND PALACES. 
A. Ltaly. 
We must here again begin with Italy, because in this country, while the 
German style reigned elsewhere supreme, even in secular buildings, the 
introduction of a new style had commenced, which afterwards spread through 
Europe. Wemention the prominent buildings in chronological order. 
1. Tae Cancerterta In Rome. Bramante, whom we have already men- 
tioned, meets us'again in the most beautiful palaces of Rome. The palace 
of the Papal Cancelleria (pl. 52, jig. 3), whose right side includes the 
church of San Lorenzo in Damaso, which was restored about twenty years 
ago, is among the most noticeable of Roman buildings. Its facade, 254 
feet long, is built of travertine taken from the old Coliseum. Two ranges 
of pilasters ornament the broad window-piers of the two chief stories, while 
the lower story has windows raised above a substructure of freestone in 
rustication. A bolder profile would be desirable in the cornices. The 
court of columns is especially beautiful, which below, as in the first story, 
consists of four pillars and twenty-two Tuscan columns, connected by semi- 
circular arches, and whose passages have cross-vault ceilings. The shafts 
of the columns are each of a single block of*granite, taken from the 
Basilica of San Lorenzo, which stood upon this spot. 
2. Tue Casa Sirvestri iv Rome, of which pl. 52, fig. 10@ shows the 
ground plan, jig. 10d the front, and jig. 10¢ the rear view, is said to have 
been commenced by Baldassare Peruzzi of Volterra about 1502, although 
many, and probably justly, ascribe it to Michael Angelo. It isa small build- 
ing, with a meagre main cornice, and overladen with subordinate cornices. 
The ground plan is like the antique Roman buildings, one of whichis repre- 
sented in jig. 11; but the windows are too narrow, and disagreeable divisions 
arise from the omission of the vertical joints in the rustication of the first story. 
3. Tue Patazzo Grraup In Rome (fig. 9) was begun by Bramante in 
1504. It is situated beyond the Tiber, and was built for the Cardinal 
Corneto. It is almost a cupy on a smaller scale of the Cancelleria, save 
that the windows of the first and third stories are alike. The pilasters 
here, as in the Cancelleria, project a little from the walls, a plan which 
201 
