ARCHITECTURE. UE 
large halls being the places of meeting, the smaller apartments serving 
various purposes of the above-mentioned nature. 
The Exchange in Paris (fig. 5, perspective view) was built after the 
designs of Brogniart. It forms a rectangle of 69 metres by 41, and is 
erected on a substructure about 3 metres high, on which is a peristyle 
of 66 Corinthian columns, 1 metre in diameter and 10 metres high. The 
entablature resting on these columns is surmounted by an attic without 
any ornament, which hides the roof. The wall proper is interrupted by 
two rows of windows, separated by a Doric entablature. The introduction 
of these tasteless windows in connexion with the beautiful peristyle, is 
altogether unaccountable. Much superior in this respect is the granite 
portico of the Exchange in New York (fig. 4, perspective view), which 
exhibits a perfect unity of taste, and is one of the boldest edifices of recent 
times. 
The Exchange of London (fig. 11) has a fine portico of eight Roman 
columns, but the whole facade is spoiled by the tasteless arched windows 
and the door behind it, as well as by two entirely inappropriate arches in 
the attic over the gable. } 
The Old Exchange in Amsterdam, of which we have given a section in 
pl. 57, jig. 14, has the original character of this style of building, a large 
court surrounded by covered galleries as protection against the weather, 
and in the upper story the necessary rooms for business and chambers of 
commerce. 
7. UNrvERsITIEs. 
The plan of the building for a university must be modified by the various 
necessities arising from the number of professors, of necessary recitation 
rooms, of students, of laboratories, museums, &c., and no general rules can 
be given. But as this is a matter of theoretical architecture, we will here 
confine ourselves to the description of a few buildings belonging to this 
class. One of the most modern buildings of this kind is the Unwersity of 
Gient, whose facade is seen in pl. 56, jig. 10. It was erected at the expense 
of the city of Ghent, and was designed and executed by Rouland. It con- 
tains a fine round hall, whose cassetted dome is supported by eighteen 
Corinthian columns, and surmounted by a lantern through which the hall 
is lighted. This hall is reached by a double-armed state staircase with 
twelve columns, whose wood-work ceiling is also cassetted, and through a 
superb vestibule, whose ceiling rests on four Corinthian columns. Before 
the building is a grandiose portico consisting of eight Corinthian granite 
columns, the field of whose gable is decorated by an excellent bas-relief. 
The Paris Observatory (pl. 57, jig. 3, ground plan; jig. 2, northern 
facade) was built under Louis IV. by Claude Perrault. The building con- 
sists of four chief parts: of the centre, a rectangular tower whose sides face the 
four quarters of the heavens, the north projection with a gable, and two 
octagonal towers on the ends of the south side of the building. In the ele- 
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