ARCHITECTURE. 215 
marble, in which are the beginnings of the steps upon which the column is 
ascended. It is of the Corinthian order, and the pedestal is adorned with 
inscriptions, palms, laurel crowns, oak branches, the arms of the city of 
Paris, the Gallic cock and the lion, the zodiacal sign of July. Upon the 
shaft, divided into three parts, are recorded in gold letters the names of 
the victims of July. The statue of the Genius of Freedom with a torch 
and a broken chain in the hand is by Dumont. The column is entirely of 
bronze, 133 feet high, and the lower diameter is more than 11 feet. 
Another monument of honor is the Valhalla near Ratisbon (pl. 55, 
jig. 1, view, jig. 2, section), which king Louis I. of Bavaria erected to the 
memory of distinguished Germans. It forms a Doric marble temple, and 
was founded on the 18th October, 1830, planned and executed by Leo v. 
Klenze, and dedicated on the 18th October, 1842. The monument stands 
upon a hill on a foundation 126 feet high. The temple is 70 feet high, 100 
feet broad, and 300 feet long. In front is a double portico of eight columns ; 
each side has seventeen columns, and the rear eight again, so that the 
temple is a peripteros. The gable-fields are decorated with reliefs by 
Rauch and Schwanthaler. The southern slope of the hill is made accessi- 
ble by steps up seven terraces of Cyclopean work, one above the other. The 
exterior is finished with unusual splendor. The walls and roof are painted 
in several colors. The ceiling is pendent, being fastened to the roof, and 
ornamented with rich metal cassettes. The illumination is from above. 
The upper entablature is supported by caryatides standing upon a cornice 
supported by pilasters, which divides the walls into an upper and lower 
part. The paintings of the frieze are by Wagner. Between the entablature 
and the pendent ceiling are figures from the northern mythology. The 
hall is decorated with the marble busts of distinguished Germans, standing 
partly upon pedestals, partly upon consoles, and executed by German artists 
only. There is room for one hundred and forty busts; about ninety have 
as yet been placed. Victories by Rauch and candelabra (jig. 3a and 6) 
interrupt the monotony of the rows of busts. On the north side is a small 
hall with columns supporting the floor of an upper hall which opens into 
the interior of the building. Southward in the subterranean part is a kind 
of crypt, where are placed the busts of those who are to have a place in the 
Valhalla after their death. 
11. Harris anp Bazars. 
Market halls belong to the most sensible institutions of the ancients, 
revived in our day, and are no less useful to the public than to the traders. 
One of the finest is the Gram Hall in Paris. (Pl. 58, fig. 1, gives the 
half outer view; jig. 2, the half section; jig. 3, the ground plan of the 
lower; jig. 4, the ground plan of the upper story.) The hall was begun in 
1762, and was finished in 1772. The President of the Board of Merchants, 
Viarmes, undertook the building after the designs of Comus de Mezieres. 
The ground plan is a complete circle, whose outer diameter is 68 metres, 
215 
