ARCHITECTURE. 219 
The bridge of Tilst¢ or Bellecourt, over the Saone, near Lyons (jig. 18), 
was begun in 1789 by Varegua and Vimar, and was completed in 1810. It 
1s 422 feet long, and has five basket-arches 64 feet in width and 20 feet 
high. The pillars project and rise to the railing, where they bear inscrip- 
tions. They are semicircular. The cornice exhibits consoles, and the 
bridge-way is horizontal. 
3. Enetanp: The bridge over the Taff (jig. 15), in Glamorganshire, was 
built of brick in 1756. It consists of a single flat arch 132 feet wide and 
33 feet high, the widest arch in England and the seventh in the world. 
Over each shank are three circular bridge eyes, which materially lighten 
the structure, and thus contribute to its stability. 
The Strand, or Waterloo bridge, in London (fig. 11), one of the largest 
bridges in Europe, was begun by Rennie in 1814, and finished in 1817. It 
is 1200 feet long and 43 feet broad, and consists of nine basket-arches, 1124 
feet broad and 28 feet high. To diminish the pressure upon the pillars, 
all the arches are united by reversed vaults. The pillars are 184 feet 
thick, and the heads terminate in the pointed-arch style. Each one 
bears two columns, whose entablature lies in that of the railing of the 
bridge. 
The bridge of Colebrookdale over the Severn (jig. 22) is the first great 
iron bridge, and was the work of the master-smiths John Wilkinson and 
Abraham Darley. It was cast in 1778 and erected in 1779. It consists of 
a flat arch 1004 English feet broad and 38 feet high. The arch is formed 
of five arch ribs; and upon each lies, with the length of the bridge, rows of 
beams to support the road upon the bridge, which is laid upon iron plates 
2% inches thick, strewn with gravel and sand. Diagonal buttresses and 
straight joints knit it firmly everywhere. The road upon the bridge is 22 
feet broad and the iron works weigh 3880 tons. 
The most astonishing work of modern times is the tubular iron bridge 
over the Menai Straits in Wales. This structure will be found mentioned 
under Technology. 
4. Germany. The bridge near Késen over the Saale (pl. 60. jig. 18) is 
one of the oldest remaining German bridges, and was built in the 11th cen- 
tury. Itis 288 feet long, and consists of eight arches, whose middle five 
are pointed arches, the rest semicircular. They have 24-25 feet span. 
The pillars are almost 12 feet thick, and have round heads. The ascent is 
rather steep. 
The Bridge of Zwetau near Torgau (jig. 14) was built in 1730 by 
Augustus II. King of Poland, Elector of Saxony. It is 690 feet long, and has 
twelve arches in full semicircle, spanning 33-46 feet. The pillars reach to 
the cornice, and have alternately a three-cornered projection. The bridge 
is steep and uncertain of ascent. 
5. Sparv. The Bridge of Toledo (fig. 21) was built in the 13th century, 
and is simple and handsome. It is 520 feet long, and has nine semicircular 
arches of 32 feet span, and eight piers of 20 feet breadth, with semicircular 
heads which extend to the bridge-way, where they keep the railing firm. 
The bridge is horizontal. 
219 
