18 THE FINE ARTS. 
the part of the states and a more extended technical knowledge mutually 
contributed. Here belongs e. g. the colossal statue of Pallas in the Parthenon 
(pl. 4, jig. 1), which represented a virgin clad in armor, but victorious 
and ruling in serene majesty. The grandiose simplicity of the principal 
figures was relieved by rich ornaments on the pedestal, the arms, and even 
the edge of the sandals. Athene here bore an egis with a Gorgon’s head; 
on her helmet was a sphinx executed in full supported by griffins in relief; 
in her hand a spear; and at her feet a shield, on which her left arm rested, 
supporting in its hand an image of the goddess of Victory four cubits high. 
The sacred serpent of Erichthonius coiled itself at the feet of the goddess. 
On the inside of the shield was represented the Combat of the Giants, and 
on the outside the Battle of the Amazons. On the edge of the Tyrrhenian 
sandals was a relief which portrayed the Combat of the Centaurs and 
Lapithe. 
Besides these statues and other works of the brass-caster’s and metal- 
worker’s arts, Phidias executed numerous statues of gods and heroes of 
brass and marble, especially many modifications of the statue of Athene, 
among which was distinguished the colossal statue of Pallas Promachos, 
which, standing between the Propylea and the Parthenon, towered above 
them both, and was visible far out at sea. This statue was left unfinished 
at the death of Phidias ; and it was not until nearly a generation later that 
Mys completed, after designs by Parrhasius, the Battle of the Centaurs on 
the shield and the other chased works with which the molten statue was 
adorned. Agoracritos and Alcamenes, pupils of Phidias, also executed 
many statues of the gods, and the Aphrodite of Alcamenes is celebrated. 
There now exist of the works of the Phidian school only the sculptures that 
decorated some of the temples of Athens. ‘There are still preserved some 
of the eighteen sculptured metopes of the temple of Theseus. In the ten 
metopes towards the east the exploits of Hercules, and in the eight towards the 
south and north those of Theseus were represented. Besides the sculptures 
of the temple of Theseus there are also a considerable number of sculptures 
from the Parthenon. To these belong: 1. The metopes, about 4 feet high, 
having a projection of about 10 inches. There were 92 tablets in all: 15 
from the south side are now in the British Museum, 1 in the Louvre in 
Paris, besides fragments in Copenhagen ; and 32 from the south side were 
drawn by Carrey, at the order of Count Nointel, the French ambassador to 
the Porte in the year 1674, when the building, which has since been greatly 
in*=red, was still in a tolerable state of preservation. 2. The frieze of the cella, 
34 feet high and 528 feet in length, of which about 456 feet are still pretty 
well known. Of these, besides the plaster casts of the entire west side, 
there are 53 tablets in the British Museum, and one in the Louvre (i. 3, 
jig. 9). Four have only recently been dug up in Athens. The whole 
represent the procession in the Panatheneean festivals. On the west side 
was seen the preparation for the cavalcade; then in the south and north 
were seen, in the first half, the cavalry of Athens galloping in bands; next, 
those who took part in the chariot contest after the procession, accompanied 
by goddesses of battle as charioteers ; and further to the south the aged men 
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