SCULPTURE. 51 
red lily on a silver field. Other works of Giovanni da Pisa which are 
highly spoken of are the great fountain in Perugia, 1264; the pulpit in the 
cathedral of Frezzo, 1286; the pulpit in St. Andrea at Pisa, 1301, &c. He 
died in 1320. His best pupil was Andrea Ugolino, also called Andrea da 
Pisa (born 1270, died 1345), who accomplished much for the perfection of 
his art. He wrought in company with Giotto, for whose buildings he 
furnished the sculptures. With his son Nino the Florentine school of sculp- 
ture attained its most flourishing condition towards the close of the 14th 
century. Among the best pupils of Nicolas and Giovanni da Pisa are 
reckoned also Agostino and Angelo de Senis (of Siena), who ornamented 
the tomb of the bishop of Arezzo, Guido Tarlati de Pietra Mala. Theirs 
is the statue of a bishop copied from this monument on pil. 7, jig. 3. 
Giovanni Balducci, who flourished about the year 1340, belonged also to the 
best masters of the Florentine school and was born in Pisa. Among his 
many works that to which his fame is principally owing is a mausoleum or 
shrine of St. Peter the Martyr for the church of San Eustorgio in Milan. 
We have given a view of this work in jig. 4, and in jigs. 5, 6, 7, and 8 
copies of four of the caryatides on a larger scale. Of these caryatides there 
are eight: those in the rear represent the four cardinal virtues; those in front . 
are the three godly virtues, Faith, Hope, and Charity, and likewise Obedi- 
ence which bears the yoke, the other figures also being furnished with their 
appropriate attributes. The body of the monument resting on the carya- 
tides, which contains the shrine, is decorated with eight reliefs representing 
scenes from the legends of the saints. Here we behold the saint stilling a 
tempest, visiting the sick, and exposed to view in state after his death. 
About him stand figures of apostles and fathers of the church. The pyra- 
midal cover is adorned with reliefs and statues of angels; and above it is 
an ornamented addition containing the figures of the Holy Virgin, St. 
Dominic, and St. Peter the Martyr. On the apex is Christ between two 
angels. The entire monument is of white marble and was completed 
in 1339. 
The next that requires mention among the masters of this age is Jacopo 
della Quercia, who formed the transition from the ancient ideal to the 
natural style. He was born at Quercia in 1368, and died in 1442. His 
chief works are in Florence, Bologna, Lucca, and Siena. In the last 
mentioned place is a large fountain ornamented by his chisel, on which, 
among other things, are the Virtues in the form of female statues. The 
bust of one of them is given in jig.9. Among his contemporaries were 
Andrea Orgagna (d. 1389), Michele Algicani (d. 1400), Nanni d’ Antonio 
di Banco (d. 1420), Luca della Robbia (d. 1442); the last mentioned dis- 
tinguished himself by his little burnt and glazed statuettes, which were 
spread as his invention throughout nearly the whole of Europe. Lorenzo 
Ghiberti, born in Florence in the year 1378, is less celebrated as a sculptor 
in stone than as a caster of statues: his gates on the Baptistery of San 
Giovanni at Florence have procured him undying fame, Michael Angelo 
himself having declared that they were worthy to form the gates to Paradise. 
It was in the year 1401 that Ghiberti with the six best sculptors of Italy 
435 
