82 THE FINE ARTS. 
angel Michael, &c., but declined an invitation to the French Court. 
Raphael was never married, although he had been betrothed since 1514 to 
Maria niece of Cardinal Bibiena. In the year 1515 he received, after 
Bramante’s death, the charge of conducting the erection of the church of 
St. Peter, as also the superintendence of the antiquities in Rome. In 1517 
he had drawn the Cartoons for the tapestries in the Vatican, on subjects 
taken from the Bible, seven of which are still preserved in Hampton © 
Court, and had painted the Christ bearing the Cross (lo Spasimo di Sicilia) 
now in Madrid. He then accompanied the Pope to Florence, where he 
painted him along with Giulio de’ Medici and De Rossi (this picture is now 
in the Pitti Palace in Florence). In consequence of the increasing number 
of orders which he received, he could only sketch most of his pictures and 
put the best touches to them, intrusting their execution to his pupils. His 
restless activity so undermined his health, that he died on Good Friday in 
the year 1520. He was buried in the Pantheon by the side of his betrothed. 
His most distinguished pupils were Giulio Romano and Francesco Penni, 
whom he made his heirs and to whom he left the completion of his works. 
His last picture is the Zransfiguration, for which he received 655 ducats. 
His principal works, passing over his earlier ones executed under Perugino, 
were: the Marriage of Mary (lo Sposalizio), im Milan; the Madonna 
del Granduca (in the Pitti Palace in Florence) ; the Holy Family, for 
Canigiani (in Munich); the Lntombment of Christ (Borghese Gallery in 
Rome); the Holy Family and the Madonna among the Flowers (la belle 
Jardiniére) in Paris; the fresco paintings in the loggie of the Vatican, 
consisting partly of arabesques, of which we have given fragments in 
pl. 17, figs. 1a and 6 and 2a and 6, and in pl. 16, jigs. 3 and 4, and partly 
of large historical compositions from the Bible (faphael’s Bible). The 
arabesques are sketched and painted with a rich fancy and with trans- 
cendent beauty, and they form an inexhaustible study for ornamental 
designers. Of the historical paintings several were executed by Raphael’s 
pupils. Of the pictures in the halls of the Vatican we copy one, the 
School of Athens (pl. 15, fig. 1), which is equally celebrated for its compo- 
sition and execution. In these halls are seen also the Despute of the 
Fathers; the Parnassus with poets of ancient and modern times; the 
Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple, the Mass of Bolsena, Attila’s 
Retreat from Rome, the Conflagration of the Borgo, &c., pictures in the 
execution of which Raphael’s pupils also took part. Besides these Raphael 
painted Galatea and the fable of Psyche, in the Farnesina; the Sybzls, in 
the church of the Madonna della Pace; the Dladonna and the Fathers of 
the Church (pl. 18, fig. 1); the Madonna col Pesce (in the Escurial, 
Madrid); St. Cecilia (pl. 16, fig. 1) with St. Paul, St. John, St. Augustine, 
and St. Magdalen (in Bologna); a Madonna and Child (fig. 2), the 
famous Madonna della Seggiola, Leo X. with his Cardinals, and the Vision 
of Ezekiel (in the Pitti Palace in Florence); the celebrated Madonna 
di San Sisto (in Dresden), the Transfiguration (in San Pietro in Mon- 
torio), and the above mentioned Cartoons in Hampton Court, the tapestry 
woven after which cost 70,000 scudi, and is stillin Rome. His portrait, 
466 
