PAINTING. 89 
neighborhood of Florence. His family name is not known; for the name 
della Porta was given him from his residence at the gate of San Pietro 
Gattolino. This artist however is best known by the name of Fra Barto- 
lomeo di San Marco, which he assumed on joining the order of Dominican 
monks at the advice of the fanatic Savonarola. Fra Bartolomeo became 
afterwards an intimate friend of Raphael, and each learnt from the other, 
the latter from the former his lovely blending of colors, and Fra Bartolomeo 
from Raphael perspective. During his stay in Rome Fra Bartolomeo began 
two pictures, which were afterwards finished by Raphael and are now in 
the palace of Monte Cavallo. His pictures are beautiful in composition 
and execution, and grand in style; his draperies in particular are admirable. 
He is said to have attained to this excellence in drapery by the invention 
of the lay figure, which is ascribed to him; at any rate Vasari affirms that 
he himself had in his possession the first model which Fra Bartolomeo 
caused to be made. One of his grandest pictures is his St. Wark (pl. 15, 
jig. 4), now in the Pitti palace, and which certainly is not inferior to 
Raphael’s Zsazah in the church of the Augustines in Rome. Fra Barto- 
lomeo first sketched his pictures in various shades of grey, and he as well 
as Raphael first drew his figures without drapery, as appears from many 
drawings by both artists which are still extant. The finest pictures of this 
artist belong to the Florentine Museum; among them is that of the Virgin 
Mary in the temple, of which we have given a sketch (pl. 18, fig. 2). One 
peculiarity of the pictures of this great master is a sort of haze he had the 
art of spreading over his figures, and which made them appear as if stepping 
forth from the canvas. Fra Bartolomeo died in 1517. 
Rudolpho Domenico Ghirlandaio distinguished himself among Fra 
Bartolomeo’s pupils, at least he formed himself closely upon his master’s 
model, although his pictures evince likewise a profound study of Raphael. 
Ghirlandaio never left Florence, although Raphael repeatedly urged him to 
come to Rome. Hence his best works remain in Florence. 
One of the artists who united in himself most of the qualities for which 
the Florentine school is celebrated was Andrea Vannuchi (born in Florence 
1488, died 1530), better known by the name of Andrea del Sarto, who, 
although his first instructor Gianetto Barite knew but little, afterwards 
formed his taste and style by the study of the cartoons of Leonardo da 
Vinci and Michael Angelo. Many of his larger paintings are in Florence 
and are highly celebrated. In the year 1518, Andrea went at the invitation 
of king Francis I. to Paris, where he was very well received; but he acted 
unegratefully towards the king and left him after a short time. In order to 
appease him the artist afterwards painted two exceedingly fine large pictures, 
one of which was the Sacrifice of Abraham. The king, however, was too 
much incensed to receive the pictures, which afterwards passed through 
various hands, and of which the one above mentioned is now in the gallery 
at Dresden. A picture by Raphael, representing Leo X. and two cardinals, 
was copied by Andrea with such skill and fidelity, that Giulio Romano, who 
had himself wrought on the original under Raphael’s superintendence, mis- 
took the copy for the original. One of the finest works of Andrea del Sarto 
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