PAINTING. 95 
talents, and painted the altar-piece of the church of St. Sophia in Padua, 
his native city, when scarcely seventeen years old. His finest picture is 
the Zriumph of Julius Cesar, for which, in order that it might be worthily 
displayed, Duke Ludovico Gonzaga caused a separate building to be 
erected in Mantua. In the year 1630 the picture was lost with several 
valuable articles, and is now in England, in the royal palace at Hampton 
Court. Mantegna was rewarded with the rank of knighthood, and then 
went to Rome, on the invitation of Innocent VIII., where he painted in the 
Belvedere. He married the sister of Giovanni Bellini, and this near 
connexion with the latter had a favorable effect on Mantegna’s hitherto 
rather dry manner. 
Giorgio Barbarelli, known by the name of Giorgione of Castelfranco, was 
born in 1477. He was a pupil of Giovanni Bellini, and distinguished him- 
self so greatly by his talents, that his master, becoming jealous of ‘him, 
drove him from his school; whereupon he labored to improve himself by 
independent study, and painted some altar-pieces, but chiefly frescoes on 
the facades of houses. Giorgione loved the clear and bright in pictures; 
his figures are full and round, and his drawing is correct. It being urged 
that seulpture is superior to painting, inasmuch as it allows the object to be 
viewed from all sides, he painted a celebrated picture for the purpose of 
showing that painting can do more, since it can enable us to behold its 
object on several sides from the same point of view. He painted a man 
with his back to the spectator and his front reflected in a fountain; his 
right profile was reflected in the shield of a suit of armor placed on one 
side, and his left profile in a mirror on the other side. Giorgione painted 
several excellent portraits besides larger pictures, which, however, are rare. 
He died early (in 1511); nevertheless he was the proper founder of the 
Venetian school. 
Tiziano Vecellio, one of the three great masters of the art of painting, 
was born at Pieve, in 1477, the same year as Giorgione, and enjoyed in 
youth the benefit of a classical education; but as his talents for painting 
soon manifested themselves, he was placed in his tenth year under Giovanni 
Bellini. With him, however, he did not long continue, but soon proceeded 
to improve himself by independent study and imitating the works of Gior- 
gione; but he cannot on this account be called his pupil, since he painted 
along with Giorgione the frescoes on the German Bazar in Venice. In . 
Padua Titian painted in company with Campagnola and others the church - 
of San Antonio; and after his return to Venice, he completed the works he 
had begun, one of which represented the Emperor Frederick I. at the feet 
of Pope Alexander III; into this picture he introduced many portraits from 
nature, a very favorite practice at that time, but which produced many 
anachronisms in costume. In Ferrara, Titian executed several works for 
Duke Alfonso I; and to this period of his life belongs the Tribute-Penny, a 
picture of which innumerable copies have been spread abroad in engravings 
and lithographs, and which forms one of the greatest treasures of the 
Dresden gallery. He painted the emperor Charles V. in Venice three 
several times, in 1530, 1532, and 1537; in 1547 and 1550 he painted him 
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