144 THE FINE ARTS. 
descends obliquely, and is attached to the middle of the radius. It turns 
the hand forwards. 25. /lexor carpi radials, springs from the same place 
with the preceding muscle, descends along the fore-arm, and is attached to 
the metacarpal bone of the index finger. It flexesthe hand. 24. Supinator 
longus, descends from the outer condyle of the humerus, and is attached to 
the lower end of the radius on the outside. It turns the hand outwards. 
27. Abductor pollicis longus, springs from the outside of the fore-arm, 
passes round the lower end of the radius, and is attached to the large mul- 
tangular bone, and to the metacarpal bone of the thumb. It stretches out 
the thumb and draws it from the hand. 28. Palmaris longus, arises along 
with No. 24, and runs along the inside of the arm to the palm, where its 
thin tendons are lost in the palmar fascia. It contributes to flex the hand. 
29. Llexor carpi ulnaris, springs from the inner condyle of the humerus, 
descends along the ulna, and ends in the pisiform bone of the wrist. It 
helps to flex the hand. The flexors (80, 31) of the fingers pass underneath 
a strong band (82), which passes from the unciform bone over the scaphoid 
bone and the great multangular bone, to the palm, and terminates at the 
finger-joints. 33. Sartorvus, springs from the anterior spinous process of 
the ilium, and runs obliquely inwards (87) to the upper end of the tibia, 
where it is inserted. It serves to cross the legs. 34. Pyramidalis, springs 
from the pubes, and ascends to the linea alba, to which it is attached. It 
co-operates with the other abdominal muscles. 35. Tensor fascow late, 
springs from the anterior spinous processes of the ilium, and runs below 
the crural ligament which surrounds the muscles of the thigh. It loses 
itself in this ligament, and stretches it. 386. Gracilis, springs from the 
ischium, passes down one side of the thigh, and is attached to the upper 
part of the tibia. It flexes the thigh and draws it somewhat inwards. 38. 
Rectus femoris, springs from the front of the ilium, and passes along 41 
to the upper end of the tibia. It stretches out the lower part of the leg. 
39, 42,44. Vastus mmternus, springs from the inside of the thigh, and agrees 
in its course and effect with 40. 40. Vastus externus, springs from the out- 
side of the femoral bone, and descends, turning somewhat round in front 
(43) to the tibia. It helps to stretch out the lower part of the leg. 45. 
Gastro-cnemius, springs with two heads from the lower end of the thigh- 
bone, and passes into a thick tendon, the tendon of Achilles, which is 
inserted into the heel-bone. It stretches out the foot. 46. Peroncus 
longus, springs from the fibula and tibia, and ends in the sole of the foot. 
It extends the foot and turns it outwards. 47. T2beales anticus, springs 
from the outer surface of the tibia, passes downwards, turns inwards about 
the foot, and ends partly in the great sphenoid bone and partly in the first 
metatarsal bone. It bends the foot. 48. Haxtensor digitorum longus, 
spreads near the preceding, passes downwards, and divides into four ten- 
dons, which are attached to the second and third joints of the four smaller 
toes. It extends the four toes. 49. Solews, springs under No. 45, from 
the posterior surface of the fibula, and ends in the tendo Achillis. 50. 
Flexor digitorum longus, springs from the posterior surface of the tibia, 
descends behind the inner ankle-bone to the sole. of the foot, and then 
528 
