THE ART OF DRAWING. 145 
divides into four tendons, extending to the four small toes, which it 
bends. 
In the front view (pl. 20, jig. 16) we have the following principal muscles. 
1. Levator scapule, which is partly covered by No. 3, as it springs from the 
upper cervical vertebra and descends to the upper corner of the shoulder-blade. 
It serves to elevate the shoulder-blade. 2. Deltoideus (jig. 15, Wo. 13). 
3. Trapezius (fig. 15, Vo. 9). 4, 5. Lnfraspmatus, springs from the great 
fossa of the shoulder-blade, and is attached to the upper end of the humeral 
bone. It turns the arm upwards. 6, 8. Zeres major, arises from the lower 
angle of the shoulder-blade and is attached to the humerus on the inside. 
It turns the arm inwards. 7. Latessimus dorsi (fig. 15, Wo. 14). 9. Triceps 
brachw. One of its heads springs from the front end of the shoulder-blade 
and the other two from the humeral bone ; it covers the posterior surface of 
this bone, and is attached to the ulna by a broad tendon. It serves to 
extend the fore-arm. 10. An offset from No. 7 to the spines of the lumbar 
vertebre. 11. Anconeus parvus, springs from the lower end of the hume- 
rus and ends in the ulna. It supports the extensor muscles of the fore-arm. 
12. Hatensor digitorum communis, springs from the humerus, passes down 
the hinder surface of the fore-arm, and is divided into four tendons, which 
are attached to the second and third joints of the fingers. It extends the 
fingers. 13. Hatensor carpe ulnaris, arises along with the preceding, is 
attached to the fifth metacarpal bone, and assists to extend the hand. 
14. Flexor carpi ulnaris (fig. 15, Wo. 25). 15, 16. Gluteus medius, 
springs from the outer surface of the ilium and is attached to the upper end 
of the thigh-bone. It works along with the following one, by which the 
greater part of itis covered. 17. Glutwus maximus, springs from the pos- 
terior surface of the os ilii, from the sacrum and from the coccyx, and is 
attached to the posterior surface of the femoral bone. It serves to extend the 
thigh. 18,19. Vastus eaternus (fig. 15, Vo. 40). 20. Semetendinosus, springs 
from the ischium and descends to the tibia, to the upper end of which it is 
attached. It flexes the thigh. 21. Biceps femoris. One of its heads 
springs from the ischium, and the other from the middle part of the pos- 
terior surface of the femur, dnd it is attached to the head of the fibula. It 
flexes the lower part of the leg. 22. Adductor magnus, springs from the 
ischium and the pubes and terminates in part on the middle of the inside 
of the thigh-bone, while the rest of it descends to the lower end of that bone. 
It draws the thigh inwards. 23. Gastro-cnemius ( fig. 13, Wo. 45). 24. So- 
leus (fig. 15, No. 49). 25. Hatensor digitorum longus (fig. 15, Vo. 48). 
Fleacor digitorum longus ( fig. 15, Wo. 50). 
In closing this enumeration we must not omit to remark that the muscles 
here named are by no means all that are found in the human body, but that 
those only have been selected the play of which during the motions of the 
body is particularly observable from the surface. 
It is of great importance to observe that the enumerated muscles stand in 
manifold relations to one another as regards their conspicuousness on the sur- 
face of the human body. Some muscles are always conspicuous ; some become 
manifest and sharply defined only at certain movements of the whole body 
ICONOGRAPHIC ENCYCLOPZDIA.—VOL. IV. 34 529 
