176 THE FINE ARTS. 
it is then coated over with gum, and, after standing two or three hours, is 
printed in the same manner as a pen-drawing, using, however, a great deal 
more care. 
4. Daxspine Mernop. A peculiar mode of drawing, resembling the chalk 
manner, is that of dabbing, or the aquatint of lithography. A grain is pro- 
duced on the stone as for a chalk drawing, and the outline is sketched with 
a pen or with chalk; all that is to remain white is covered with a solution 
of gum-arabic, to which is added a little ox-gall and cinnabar. Then the 
artist takes a pretty hard, flat ball, of fine leather, and with it gives the 
whole stone a uniform weak tone; this he does by dissolving some litho- 
graphic ink in lavender-oil, spreading it out on a glass or stone slab, taking 
a little on the ball and rubbing it out, and then spreading it over the stone 
with the proper degree of thickness by means of a gentle dabbing. The 
first tint is of course very light. As soon as it has been uniformly com- 
pleted and is dry, all that is to retain this tint is coated with the composi- 
tion given above; and when the composition is dry, the second tint, and so 
on, as in aquatint engraving on copper. When all is completed, the com- 
position is softened with spring-water, and is removed by frequently washing 
off the stone. When it is clean and dry, it is retouched with chalk, and 
then treated in the same manner as a stone with a chalk drawing. 
5. CHRoMo-LITHOGRAPHY. Printing in colors on stone is a process now 
coming extensively into use, and which has already furnished very perfect 
results. For this purpose what is called an outline-stone is first drawn with 
the pen and etched. Then for each color of the design a separate stone 
must be prepared, on which is placed nothing but what is to have that 
single color. In order that the parts of the design on all the stones may 
accurately fit together, as many impressions as there are colors are taken 
from the outline stone, and then while still damp are pressed one on each 
stone, by which means the requisite number of similar drawings is obtained. 
These are now accurately marked out with chemical tints, 2. ¢. all the parts 
which are to be hatched, as the shadings, are indicated with the pen; but 
where flat tints are drawn, the whole surface is covered with the pencil. In 
this manner is produced a red stone, a blue stone, &c. On the outline-stone 
is usually put all that is to be black. Judgment is required in the arrange- 
ment of the stones, as by printing one color over another various shades can 
often be obtained; thus, ¢. g. if a violet tint be desired, the parts to be so 
colored are drawn both on the blue and on the red stone, and the two 
colors are printed one over the other. So, too, the character of the colors 
ean be altered by various shadings. When, for instance, in the green 
foliage of a drawing one part of the shadings is executed on the red and 
the other on the blue stone (the deepest shades come on the black stone), 
some of the green leaves will exhibit a different tone from the others, 
although both have the same green ground-color. Here experience must 
give the necessary knowledge. When all the color-stones are finished, 
etched, and gummed, first one color is printed, then the other, and so on, 
till at length the black stone is printed. Gold and silver are laid on by 
printing yellow or grey underneath, and then dusting upon it with a pencil 
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